Hopcroft Rosemary L
Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA.
Biodemography Soc Biol. 2022 Jan-Mar;67(1):71-83. doi: 10.1080/19485565.2022.2037070. Epub 2022 Feb 21.
Previous studies have found that the positive relationship between personal income and fertility for men in the United States is primarily due to childlessness among low-income men. Yet because of the opposite effects of income on fertility for men and women, it is important to examine the effects of income net of spouse's income. An analysis of income from all sources and biological fertility data for husbands and wives from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (2014) shows that for men their own income is positively associated with the number of their biological children, while their spouse's income is negatively associated with total children ever fathered. The reverse is true for women. These results are not because of childlessness among low-income men and high-income women, but also hold true among all those with children. For men and women aged 45-65, who likely have completed fertility, these results hold regardless of whether or not education is controlled. These findings suggest that if status is measured as personal income for men and husband's income for women, the positive relationship between status and fertility persists in a postdemographic transition society.
以往的研究发现，在美国，个人收入与男性生育力之间的正相关关系主要归因于低收入男性的无子女状况。然而，由于收入对男性和女性生育力的影响相反，因此有必要研究扣除配偶收入后的净收入影响。对收入与项目参与调查（2014年）中夫妻的所有来源收入和生育数据进行分析后发现，对于男性而言，其个人收入与亲生子女数量呈正相关，而其配偶的收入与曾生育的子女总数呈负相关。女性的情况则相反。这些结果并非源于低收入男性和高收入女性的无子女状况，在所有育有子女的人群中同样成立。对于年龄在45至65岁、可能已完成生育的男性和女性而言，无论是否控制教育因素，这些结果都成立。这些发现表明，如果将地位衡量为男性的个人收入和女性的丈夫收入，那么在人口结构转型后的社会中，地位与生育力之间的正相关关系依然存在。
