Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University Banská Bystrica, Tajovského 40, 974 01, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Grassland and Mountain Agriculture Research Institute, Mládežnícka 36, 974 21, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 21;12(1):2927. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06929-7.
Floodplains are among the most precious and threatened ecosystems in the world. The study deals with floodplain soil contamination caused by 8 heavy metals (HMs) (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn) originating and transported from old mine works along the Štiavnica River in Slovakia. We determined the total HMs content and the HM fractions using BCR sequential extraction method. We selected 12 alluvial sites (AS), two contaminated sites (CS), and one reference site (RS). The sampling points were located within the riparian zones (RZ), arable lands (AL), and grasslands (GL). We confirmed soil contamination by HMs and the related ecological risk by different factors. The contamination by HMs at many AS localities was similar or even higher than at CS localities. The highest contamination factor was calculated for Cu (39.8), followed by Pb (27.4), Zn (18.2), and Cd (7.2). The HMs partitioning in the different fractions at the CS and AS localities revealed that Cd, Zn, and Pb were mainly associated with the exchangeable and reducible fractions, while Cu was mainly associated with the oxidisable fraction. The soil properties were selectively correlated with the HM fractions. Based on the ANOVA results, the effect of different ecosystem types on HM fractions was revealed.
冲积平原是世界上最珍贵和最受威胁的生态系统之一。本研究涉及由斯洛伐克Štiavnica 河沿岸旧矿区产生和输送的 8 种重金属（HM）（Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mo、Ni、Pb、Zn）引起的冲积平原土壤污染。我们使用 BCR 顺序提取方法确定了总 HM 含量和 HM 分数。我们选择了 12 个冲积地点（AS）、2 个污染地点（CS）和 1 个参考地点（RS）。采样点位于河岸带（RZ）、耕地（AL）和草地（GL）内。我们通过不同因素证实了土壤中重金属的污染及其相关的生态风险。许多 AS 地点的重金属污染与 CS 地点相似，甚至更高。污染系数最高的是 Cu（39.8），其次是 Pb（27.4）、Zn（18.2）和 Cd（7.2）。CS 和 AS 地点不同分数中 HM 的分配表明，Cd、Zn 和 Pb 主要与可交换和可还原分数有关，而 Cu 主要与可氧化分数有关。土壤性质与 HM 分数有选择性相关。基于方差分析结果，揭示了不同生态系统类型对 HM 分数的影响。
