Goldberg L
Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1986 May;6(4):607-17. doi: 10.1016/0272-0590(86)90173-9.
Cell culture systems (CCS) are finding increasing use in toxicology. They supplement and amplify existing tests in animals, and play a special role in the iterative process involved in studies of mechanisms of toxic action. The need is stressed for adequate standardization and validation of CCS, and meticulous conduct of tests using such systems. A review of some examples of current work with CCS highlights "designer" CCS, primary systems developed for research on morphological, biochemical, and other aspects of toxic action at particular target sites. An account of the use of CCS in studying the stepwise process of neoplastic transformation focuses on C3H/10T1/2 C18 cells in regard to initiation and promotion. CCS of human origin reveal the anticipated interindividual differences in metabolic characteristics and susceptibility to toxic action. Human CCS, especially primary epidermal keratinocytes, are making important contributions to understanding the actions of dioxins. Reasons for the continuing need for whole animals in toxicology are analyzed, to reveal some strategies by which CCS may prove increasingly successful as replacements.
细胞培养系统（CCS）在毒理学中的应用越来越广泛。它们补充并扩大了现有的动物试验，并且在毒作用机制研究的迭代过程中发挥着特殊作用。强调了对CCS进行充分标准化和验证的必要性，以及使用此类系统进行试验时要严谨操作。对当前使用CCS的一些工作实例进行的综述突出了“定制”CCS，即针对特定靶位点毒作用的形态学、生物化学及其他方面研究而开发的原代系统。关于CCS在研究肿瘤转化逐步过程中的应用，重点介绍了C3H/10T1/2 C18细胞在启动和促进方面的情况。源自人类的CCS揭示了代谢特征和对毒作用易感性方面预期的个体间差异。人类CCS，尤其是原代表皮角质形成细胞，正在为理解二噁英的作用做出重要贡献。分析了毒理学中持续需要使用整体动物的原因，以揭示一些策略，通过这些策略CCS可能会越来越成功地作为替代物。
