International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Mumbai, 400088, India.
Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, India.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Feb 22;22(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04486-5.
The study aims to investigate the changes in the socio-economic and demographic status of young mothers of age 15-24 years and to examine the association between mothers' nutrition, i.e., Body Mass Index (BMI) and anaemia with child low birth weight for almost two decades during 1998-2016 in India.
National Family Health Survey (NFHS) round II and IV were used. The sample of this study included 3405 currently married young mothers from NFHS II and 44,742 from NFHS IV who gave birth at least one child in the last three years preceding the surveys. Logistic regression and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis have been used in this study to examine the corresponding association between the concerned variables.
The analysis showed that the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) babies has decreased from 26.1 to 22.8 for the 15 to 19 age group and from 20.4 to 18.7 for the 20 to 24 age group over time. Young mothers with low BMI or severe anaemia have shown higher odds of having LBW babies. For instance, the odds of having a LBW child was 1.44 (p-value = 0.000; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.65) for mothers with low BMI and 1.55 (p-value = 0.000; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.90) with severe anaemia. Over the decade, the association of LBW babies with mothers' nutrition has decreased. The odds of LBW with mothers with low BMI decreased from 1.63 (p-value = 0.004; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.21) to 1.41 (p-value = 0.000; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.55). Similarly, mothers with severe anaemia, the odds of LBW child decreased from 2.6 (p-value = 0.000; 95% CI: 1.75, 3.8) in 1998 to 1.3 (p-value = 0.024; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.65) in 2016.
The maternal and child health improvement in India has been moderate over the decade. Still, a significant proportion of the women are suffering from poor health and young mothers are at more risk to deliver LBW babies. It is highly recommended to integrate maternal and child health programmes with the ongoing health policies to improve the situation while taking additional care of the young pregnant mother and their nutritional health.
本研究旨在调查 15-24 岁年轻母亲的社会经济和人口统计地位的变化，并研究 1998-2016 年近二十年来母亲的营养状况（即身体质量指数（BMI）和贫血）与儿童低出生体重之间的关联。
使用了国家家庭健康调查（NFHS）第二轮和第四轮。本研究的样本包括 NFHS 第二轮中的 3405 名目前已婚的年轻母亲和 NFHS 第四轮中的 44742 名在调查前三年内至少生育过一名子女的年轻母亲。本研究采用逻辑回归和布伦纳-奥克萨卡分解分析来检验相关变量之间的对应关系。
分析表明，15-19 岁年龄组的低出生体重（LBW）婴儿的患病率从 26.1%下降到 22.8%，20-24 岁年龄组的患病率从 20.4%下降到 18.7%。BMI 较低或严重贫血的年轻母亲生育 LBW 婴儿的几率较高。例如，BMI 较低的母亲生育 LBW 婴儿的几率为 1.44（p 值=0.000；95%CI：1.05，1.65），严重贫血的母亲为 1.55（p 值=0.000；95%CI：1.27，1.90）。在过去十年中，LBW 婴儿与母亲营养之间的关联有所减少。BMI 较低的母亲生育 LBW 婴儿的几率从 1998 年的 1.63（p 值=0.004；95%CI：1.21，2.21）下降到 2016 年的 1.41（p 值=0.000；95%CI：1.27，1.55）。同样，严重贫血的母亲生育 LBW 婴儿的几率从 1998 年的 2.6（p 值=0.000；95%CI：1.75，3.8）下降到 2016 年的 1.3（p 值=0.024；95%CI：1.02，1.65）。
印度在过去十年中母婴健康状况有所改善。尽管如此，仍有相当一部分妇女健康状况不佳，年轻母亲生育 LBW 婴儿的风险更高。强烈建议将母婴健康方案与正在实施的卫生政策相结合，在改善这一状况的同时，特别关注年轻孕妇及其营养健康。
