Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
Department of Medicine Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 May;29(22):32605-32630. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-18429-8. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic as well as widespread skin disease which has significant influence on the life attributes of affected people and their families. Systemic immunosuppressive drugs can be utilised for effective care of disease, although they are often prescribed for rigorous disruption or disease that is complicated to manage. Therefore, topical applications of corticosteroids are considered the primary pharmacologic therapies for atopic dermatitis, and research recommends that these medications might be helpful in preventing disease flare-ups. However, topical medicine administration to deeper layers of skin is challenging because of the skin anatomic barrier that restricts deeper drug permeation, and also due to barrier function abnormalities in atopic dermatitis skin, which might result in systemic drug absorption, provoking systemic consequences. Hence, effective management of atopic dermatitis needs new, effective, safe and targeted treatments. Therefore, nanotechnology-based topical therapeutics have attracted much interest nowadays because of their tendency to increase drug diffusion and bioavailability along with enormous drug targeting potential to affected cells, and, thereby, reducing the adverse effects of medications. In this review, we mention different symptoms of atopic dermatitis, and provide an overview of the different triggering factors causing atopic dermatitis, with emphasis on its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features and diagnostic, and preventive measures. This review discusses existing therapeutics for treating atopic dermatitis, and the newer approaches as well as the current classical pharmacotherapy of atopic dermatitis against new nanoparticle skin delivery systems. This review has also briefly summarised the recent patents and clinical status of therapeutic modalities for atopic dermatitis.
特应性皮炎是一种慢性且广泛的皮肤疾病，对患者及其家庭的生活质量有重大影响。全身性免疫抑制药物可用于有效治疗疾病，但这些药物通常用于严重破坏或难以控制的疾病。因此，皮质类固醇类药物的局部应用被认为是特应性皮炎的主要药物治疗方法，研究表明这些药物可能有助于预防疾病发作。然而，由于皮肤解剖屏障限制了深层药物渗透，以及特应性皮炎皮肤的屏障功能异常，可能导致全身性药物吸收，引发全身性后果，因此将局部药物施用于皮肤深层具有挑战性。因此，有效的特应性皮炎管理需要新的、有效的、安全的和靶向治疗。因此，基于纳米技术的局部治疗方法目前引起了广泛关注，因为它们具有增加药物扩散和生物利用度的趋势，并且具有巨大的药物靶向作用，能够作用于受影响的细胞，从而减少药物的不良反应。在这篇综述中，我们提到了特应性皮炎的不同症状，并概述了导致特应性皮炎的不同触发因素，重点介绍了其流行病学、病理生理学、临床特征和诊断以及预防措施。本文还讨论了治疗特应性皮炎的现有疗法，以及针对特应性皮炎的新型纳米颗粒皮肤传递系统的新方法和当前经典的药物治疗方法。本文还简要总结了特应性皮炎治疗方法的最新专利和临床现状。
