Chair of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland.
Polim Med. 2022 Jan-Jun;52(1):37-50. doi: 10.17219/pim/145513.
Polymeric micelles and capsules are promising candidates for carriers of antineoplastic medications. Biodegradability and broadly defined biocompatibility are the key features that should always characterize polymers intended for medical applications. A well-designed delivery system ought to ensure the safe transport of chemotherapeutic agents to the target area and thus minimize systemic exposure to these drugs, limiting their toxic effect, preferably to the cancer cells. Polymeric micelles are often tailored for encapsulation of water-insoluble drugs. Micellar structures are usually fabricated as a result of self-assembly of various amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous environment. More advanced methods are used to form capsules with a liquid core and a shell made of fused polymer nanoor microparticles. Such a coating can have homogeneous or heterogeneous composition. Janus and patchy capsules are usually characterized by more useful and advanced properties. Although some polymeric carriers are designed for a sustained release of the cargo, more sophisticated approaches involve payload liberation on demand under the influence of selected chemical or physical stimuli. The variety of available polymers and a wide range of possibilities of forming copolymers from different kind of monomers make polymeric materials ideal for the production of drug delivery systems with the desired properties. The aim of the present review is to sum up selected aspects of the use of polymeric micelles as carriers of cytostatic drugs, taking into account clinical applications. The additional objective is to show the studies on creating alternative systems based on stimuli-responsive capsules with shells made of polymeric particles.
高分子胶束和胶囊是抗肿瘤药物载体的有前途的候选物。可生物降解性和广义上的生物相容性是用于医疗应用的聚合物应始终具有的关键特征。设计良好的递药系统应该确保化疗药物安全地运输到靶区，并最大限度地减少这些药物的全身暴露，将其毒性作用限制在癌细胞中。高分子胶束通常被设计用于包裹水溶性差的药物。胶束结构通常是通过各种两亲性嵌段共聚物在水相中自组装形成的。更先进的方法用于形成具有液体核和由融合聚合物纳米或微球制成的壳的胶囊。这种涂层可以具有均匀或不均匀的组成。Janus 和斑片状胶囊通常具有更有用和先进的特性。虽然一些高分子载体被设计用于持续释放货物，但更复杂的方法涉及在选定的化学或物理刺激下按需释放有效载荷。可用聚合物的多样性以及从不同类型单体形成共聚物的广泛可能性使高分子材料成为具有所需特性的药物递药系统的理想选择。本综述的目的是总结高分子胶束作为细胞毒性药物载体的应用的某些方面，同时考虑到临床应用。另一个目的是展示基于具有聚合物粒子壳的响应性刺激的胶囊的替代系统的研究。
