Department of Infectious Diseases, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng, China.
Bioengineered. 2022 Mar;13(3):6150-6162. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2037841.
Hepatic fibrosis is a damage repair response caused by multiple factors. A growing body of research suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in a wide range of biological processes, and thus regulate disease progression, including hepatic fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of the long non-coding RNA-non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) in modulating hepatic fibrosis development. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was used to activate LX-2 hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The expression of NORAD and microRNA (miR)-495-3p was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. The effects of PDGF-BB on LX-2 cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), Transwell, flow cytometry, and Western blot assays. The activation of HSCs was further verified by examining the expression of the typical markers, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I (Col1α1), using qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. StarBase and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to assess the binding relationship between miR-495-3p and NORAD. The NORAD levels remarkably increased, whereas the miR-495-3p levels decreased, in PDGF-BB-treated LX-2 cells. miR-495-3p was a putative downstream target of NORAD. NORAD silencing played an anti-fibrotic role by targeting miR-495-3p; this was accomplished by hindering PDGF-BB-treated LX-2 cell viability, migration, and invasion, decreasing the levels of α-SMA and Col1α1, and promoting apoptosis. miR-495-3p protected against hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) expression. In summary, NORAD silencing inhibited hepatic fibrosis by suppressing HSC activation via the miR-495-3p/S1PR3 axis.
肝纤维化是由多种因素引起的损伤修复反应。越来越多的研究表明,长非编码 RNA(lncRNA)参与广泛的生物学过程,从而调节疾病进展,包括肝纤维化。在这项研究中,我们研究了长非编码 RNA-DNA 损伤激活的非编码 RNA(NORAD)在调节肝纤维化发展中的机制。血小板衍生生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)用于激活 LX-2 肝星状细胞(HSCs)。通过定量实时聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)分析测定 NORAD 和 microRNA(miR)-495-3p 的表达。通过 MTT(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑溴盐)、Transwell、流式细胞术和 Western blot 分析评估 PDGF-BB 对 LX-2 细胞活力、迁移、侵袭和凋亡的影响。通过 qRT-PCR 和 Western blot 分析进一步验证 HSCs 的激活,检测典型标志物α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和胶原 I(Col1α1)的表达。StarBase 和双荧光素酶报告基因检测用于评估 miR-495-3p 和 NORAD 之间的结合关系。在 PDGF-BB 处理的 LX-2 细胞中,NORAD 水平显著升高,而 miR-495-3p 水平降低。miR-495-3p 是 NORAD 的一个假定下游靶标。NORAD 沉默通过靶向 miR-495-3p 发挥抗纤维化作用;这是通过抑制 PDGF-BB 处理的 LX-2 细胞活力、迁移和侵袭,降低α-SMA 和 Col1α1 的水平,以及促进凋亡来实现的。miR-495-3p 通过抑制鞘氨醇 1-磷酸受体 3(S1PR3)表达来防止肝纤维化。总之,NORAD 沉默通过 miR-495-3p/S1PR3 轴抑制 HSC 激活来抑制肝纤维化。