Institute of Food and Processing, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
J Food Sci. 2022 Apr;87(4):1601-1609. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.16087. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
This study observed the effects of pulsed light (PL) on the germination and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production of brown rice and analyzed the correlations among glutamic acid (Glu) content, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity, and GABA content in germinating brown rice. Both germination and GABA content were increased by exposure to PL, and this effect was evident when brown rice was exposed to PL immediately after being soaked. The PL group had significantly higher Glu and GABA content than the control check (CK) group which was unexposed to PL during the germination of brown rice. Glu content peaked at 18 h and GABA peaked at 24h in the PL group, which were 12 h and 6 h earlier than the CK group, respectively. GAD activity of the PL group peaked 12 h after germination, 6 h earlier than the CK group. PL exposure also increased the free amino acid content in the earliest stage of brown-rice germination. During brown-rice germination, the production of GABA is regulated by GAD activity and is significantly positively correlated with Glu content. PL treatment had a significant effect on GAD activity and Glu content during the germination process of brown rice and helped to increase its GABA content. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study has shown that pulsed light exposure is an efficient and stable processing method for producing brown rice with high GABA. This will provide a new direction for developing novel germination grain foods.
本研究观察了脉冲光（PL）对糙米发芽和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）生成的影响，并分析了发芽糙米中谷氨酸（Glu）含量、谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）活性和 GABA 含量之间的相关性。PL 处理均能促进糙米发芽和 GABA 生成，糙米浸泡后立即进行 PL 处理效果更为显著。PL 组的 Glu 和 GABA 含量均显著高于未接受 PL 处理的对照组（CK）。PL 组的 Glu 含量在 18 h 时达到峰值，GABA 含量在 24 h 时达到峰值，分别比 CK 组早 12 h 和 6 h。PL 组的 GAD 活性在发芽 12 h 时达到峰值，比 CK 组早 6 h。PL 处理还增加了糙米发芽初期的游离氨基酸含量。在糙米发芽过程中，GABA 的生成受 GAD 活性调控，与 Glu 含量呈显著正相关。PL 处理对糙米发芽过程中的 GAD 活性和 Glu 含量有显著影响，有助于提高其 GABA 含量。实用意义：本研究表明，脉冲光处理是一种生产高 GABA 含量糙米的有效且稳定的加工方法。这将为开发新型发芽谷物食品提供新的方向。
