Department of Psychology.
Emotion. 2023 Feb;23(1):278-288. doi: 10.1037/emo0001079. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
Research shows negative affect increases in healthy adolescents, and this normative change is paralleled by increasing risk for the onset of psychopathology. However, research is limited in characterizing qualitative differences in the type of negative affect experienced beyond the positive-negative valence dimension. In the current study, we establish the relationship between different forms of negative affect and functioning outcomes (i.e., different facets of social functioning and life satisfaction), and examine whether these forms of negative affect are differentially prevalent across late childhood and adolescence. Seven-hundred and 70 participants aged 8-17 years completed self-report measures that assessed a wide range of negative affective experiences. A factor analysis on the negative affect items revealed a four-factor solution that characterized the dimensions of affective experience, with factors reflecting and . Generalized additive model approaches revealed increased nonlinearly with age and was associated with decreased reports of emotional support, a facet of social functioning. was associated with increased perceived hostility, perceived rejection, and decreased life satisfaction, and remained stable across the age range. was associated with greater loneliness and increased linearly with increasing age. was associated with all outcome measures and showed nonlinear changes with age, with notable increases in midadolescence. These results show that subsuming these subtypes of negative affect under a singular concept may obscure meaningful relationships between affect, age, and functioning. Exploring diverse forms of negative affect may help refine theories of emotional development and ultimately inform windows of risk for psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
研究表明，健康青少年的负面情绪会增加，而这种正常变化伴随着精神病理学发病风险的增加。然而，研究在描述除了积极-消极效价维度之外的负面情绪体验的类型的定性差异方面是有限的。在当前的研究中，我们建立了不同形式的负面情绪与功能结果（即社交功能和生活满意度的不同方面）之间的关系，并检验了这些形式的负面情绪是否在儿童晚期和青春期存在差异。770 名 8-17 岁的参与者完成了自我报告的测量，这些测量评估了广泛的负面情感体验。对负面情绪项目的因素分析揭示了一个四因素解决方案，该方案描述了情感体验的维度，这些因素反映了和。广义加性模型方法表明，随着年龄的增长呈非线性增加，与情绪支持的减少有关，这是社交功能的一个方面。与感知到的敌意、感知到的拒绝和生活满意度的降低有关，并且在整个年龄范围内保持稳定。与更大的孤独感有关，并随着年龄的增长呈线性增加。与所有的结果衡量标准有关，并且与年龄呈非线性变化，在青春期中期有显著增加。这些结果表明，将这些负面情绪的亚型归入单一概念可能会掩盖情感、年龄和功能之间的有意义关系。探索不同形式的负面情绪可能有助于完善情感发展理论，并最终为精神病理学的风险窗口提供信息。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
