Wurm Susanne, Schäfer Sarah K
Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2022 Sep;123(3):636-653. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000412. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in on Apr 25 2022 (see record 2022-56187-001). In the original article, there was an error in the third sentence in the Combined Model Comprising SPA Dimensions and SA section. The corrected sentence should read as: Again, an increase of gain-related SPA by 1 SD was related to a decrease in risk of death by 12%. All versions of this article have been corrected.] Some 2 decades have passed since Levy et al. (2002) published their seminal study on the impact of self-perceptions of aging (SPA) on mortality over a period of 23 years in this journal; we aimed at replicating and extending these findings against the background of recent discussions in the research on subjective aging. Based on a large German nationwide population-based sample of individuals aged 40 and older ( = 2,400), for whom mortality was also documented over a period of 23 years (1996-2019), the present study is the first to investigate the unique impact of gain- and loss-related SPA and subjective age (SA) as components of subjective aging on mortality. Data were analyzed with hierarchical Cox proportional hazard regressions. The study pointed to the prominent role of gain-related SPA. For individuals who perceived aging as associated with ongoing development risk of death was half that of individuals with less gain-related SPA. Viewing aging as associated with physical or social losses could not predict mortality after controlling for covariates such as age, gender, education, health-related variables, and psychological variables known to predict mortality. Neither could SA predict mortality. When SA and gain- and loss-related SPA were analyzed in a combined model, gain-related SPA remained a significant predictor of mortality. The findings support previous studies on the importance of SPA for mortality. In addition, the results suggest that mainly gain-related SPA (but not loss-related SPA and SA) explain differences in mortality and should thus be addressed in intervention studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
[更正通知：本文的一篇勘误于2022年4月25日在线发布（见记录2022-56187-001）。在原文中，“包含SPA维度和主观年龄部分的组合模型”一节中的第三句话存在错误。更正后的句子应改为：同样，与增益相关的SPA增加1个标准差与死亡风险降低12%相关。本文的所有版本均已更正。] 自利维等人（2002年）在本期刊上发表关于自我衰老认知（SPA）对23年死亡率影响的开创性研究以来，大约20年过去了；我们旨在结合近期主观衰老研究的讨论背景，对这些发现进行复制和扩展。基于德国全国范围内一个由40岁及以上个体组成的大型基于人群的样本（n = 2400），该样本的死亡率在23年期间（1996 - 2019年）也有记录，本研究首次调查了与增益和损失相关的SPA以及主观年龄（SA）作为主观衰老组成部分对死亡率的独特影响。数据采用分层Cox比例风险回归进行分析。该研究指出了与增益相关的SPA的突出作用。对于那些将衰老视为与持续发展相关的个体，死亡风险是与增益相关的SPA较低的个体的一半。在控制了年龄、性别、教育程度、健康相关变量以及已知可预测死亡率的心理变量等协变量后，将衰老视为与身体或社会损失相关并不能预测死亡率。SA也不能预测死亡率。当在一个组合模型中分析SA以及与增益和损失相关的SPA时，与增益相关的SPA仍然是死亡率的显著预测因子。这些发现支持了先前关于SPA对死亡率重要性的研究。此外，结果表明，主要是与增益相关的SPA（而非与损失相关的SPA和SA）解释了死亡率的差异，因此在干预研究中应予以关注。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2022美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
