Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Ganzhou Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Ganzhou 341000, China.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Feb 8;13(2):317. doi: 10.3390/genes13020317.
Polyamines (PAs) play an important regulatory role in many basic cellular processes and physiological and biochemical processes. However, there are few studies on the identification of PA biosynthesis and metabolism family members and the role of PAs in the transition of plant embryogenic calli (EC) into globular embryos (GE), especially in perennial woody plants. We identified 20 genes involved in PA biosynthesis and metabolism from the third-generation genome of longan ( Lour.). There were no significant differences between longan and other species regarding the number of members, and they had high similarity with . Light, plant hormones and a variety of stress -acting elements were found in these family members. The biosynthesis and metabolism of PAs in longan were mainly completed by , , , , , , , and . In addition, 0.01 mmol∙L 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), putrescine (Put) and spermine (Spm), could promote the transformation of EC into GE, and Spm treatment had the best effect, while 0.01 mmol∙L D-arginine (D-arg) treatment inhibited the process. The period between the 9th and 11th days was key for the transformation of EC into GE in longan. There were higher levels of gibberellin (GA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) and lower levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ethylene and hydrogen peroxide (HO) in this key period. The expression levels in this period of , , , and were upregulated, while those of and were downregulated. These results showed that the exogenous ACC, D-arg and PAs could regulate the transformation of EC into GE in longan by changing the content of endogenous hormones and the expression levels of PA biosynthesis and metabolism genes. This study provided a foundation for further determining the physicochemical properties and molecular evolution characteristics of the PA biosynthesis and metabolism gene families, and explored the mechanism of PAs and ethylene for regulating the transformation of plant EC into GE.
多胺（PAs）在许多基本细胞过程以及生理和生化过程中发挥重要的调节作用。然而，关于 PA 生物合成和代谢家族成员的鉴定以及 PAs 在植物胚性愈伤组织（EC）向球形胚（GE）转变中的作用的研究较少，特别是在多年生木本植物中。我们从龙眼（Lour.）的第三代基因组中鉴定出 20 个参与 PA 生物合成和代谢的基因。龙眼与其他物种的成员数量没有显著差异，并且与其他物种高度相似。在这些家族成员中发现了光、植物激素和各种应激作用元件。龙眼中 PAs 的生物合成和代谢主要由 spermidine synthase （SPDS）、ornithine decarboxylase （ODC）、arginine decarboxylase （ADC）、spermine synthase （SMS）、putrescine synthase （PTS）、agmatine deiminase （ADI）、arginase （ARG）、spermine oxidase （SMO）和 polyamine oxidase （PAO）完成。此外，0.01 mmol·L -1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）、腐胺（Put）和精胺（Spm）可促进 EC 向 GE 的转化，其中 Spm 处理效果最好，而 0.01 mmol·L D-精氨酸（D-arg）处理则抑制该过程。龙眼 EC 向 GE 转化的关键时期是第 9 至 11 天。在此关键时期，赤霉素（GA）、水杨酸（SA）和脱落酸（ABA）的水平较高，吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）、乙烯和过氧化氢（HO）的水平较低。在此期间，SPDS、ODC、ADC、SMS、PTS、ADI、ARG 和 SMO 的表达水平上调，而 PUTT 和 PAO 的表达水平下调。这些结果表明，外源 ACC、D-arg 和 PAs 可以通过改变内源激素的含量和 PA 生物合成和代谢基因的表达水平来调节龙眼 EC 向 GE 的转化。该研究为进一步确定 PA 生物合成和代谢基因家族的理化性质和分子进化特征，以及探索 PAs 和乙烯调节植物 EC 向 GE 转化的机制提供了基础。
