Ma Yuan, Wan Rui, Li Shengwu, Yang Liqing, Wang Pengfei
State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China.
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Feb 18;15(4):1558. doi: 10.3390/ma15041558.
In recent years, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have attracted increasing attention. Compared with traditional optical fibers, PCFs exhibit many unique optical properties and superior performance due to their high degree of structural design freedom. Using large-mode area (LMA) fibers with single-mode operation is essential to overcoming emerging problems as the power of fiber lasers scales up, which can effectively reduce the power density and mitigate the influence of nonlinear effects. With a brief introduction of the concept, classification, light transmission mechanism, basic properties, and theoretical analysis methods of PCFs, this paper mainly compiles the worldwide development of large-mode area and polarization-maintaining (PM) PCFs, and finally proposes possible technical routes to realize the single-mode operation of LMA-PCFs and PM-LMA-PCFs. Finally, the future development prospects of the PCFs are discussed.
近年来，光子晶体光纤（PCF）已引起越来越多的关注。与传统光纤相比，光子晶体光纤由于其高度的结构设计自由度而展现出许多独特的光学特性和卓越性能。随着光纤激光器功率的不断提升，采用具有单模工作特性的大模场面积（LMA）光纤对于克服新出现的问题至关重要，这可以有效降低功率密度并减轻非线性效应的影响。本文在简要介绍光子晶体光纤的概念、分类、光传输机制、基本特性和理论分析方法的基础上，主要汇编了大模场面积和保偏（PM）光子晶体光纤在全球范围内的发展情况，最后提出了实现大模场面积光子晶体光纤和保偏大模场面积光子晶体光纤单模工作的可能技术路线。最后，讨论了光子晶体光纤的未来发展前景。
