De Francesco Maria Antonia, Caruso Arnaldo
Institute of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia-Spedali Civili, P. le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Feb 5;10(2):244. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10020244.
Psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are interlinked. In fact, the prevalence of IBD is higher in patients with psoriasis, with a risk of ulcerative colitis of 1.6-times higher than in the general population. Analogously, patients with psoriasis have a greater risk of developing IBD. Furthermore, they share some clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms. Both are chronic inflammatory diseases with a relapsing-remitting condition that persists for the patient's whole life and exhibit increased permeability of the mucosal barrier of skin and gut, allowing an increased interaction of pathogens with inflammatory receptors of the immune cells. A key element in the pathogenesis of these diseases is represented by the microbiota; in particular, the gut microbiota is an important driver of CD pathogenesis, while in psoriasis changes in gut and skin microbiota have been described without a defined pathogenic function. Furthermore, genetic predispositions or environmental factors contribute to disease manifestation, with a central role attributed to the immune responses and, in particular, to a dysregulated role played by T helper 17 cells both in psoriasis and IBD. The purpose of this review was to summarize present information about the links between psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, in particular Crohn's disease, and changes in gut and/or skin microbiome.
银屑病与炎症性肠病（IBD），包括溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD），相互关联。事实上，银屑病患者中IBD的患病率更高，溃疡性结肠炎的发病风险比普通人群高1.6倍。同样，银屑病患者患IBD的风险也更高。此外，它们具有一些共同的临床特征和致病机制。二者均为慢性炎症性疾病，呈复发-缓解状态，会伴随患者终生，且皮肤和肠道黏膜屏障的通透性增加，使得病原体与免疫细胞的炎症受体之间的相互作用增强。这些疾病发病机制中的一个关键因素是微生物群；特别是，肠道微生物群是CD发病机制的重要驱动因素，而在银屑病中，肠道和皮肤微生物群的变化已有描述，但尚未明确其致病功能。此外，遗传易感性或环境因素也会导致疾病表现，免疫反应，尤其是辅助性T细胞17在银屑病和IBD中发挥的失调作用，在其中起到了核心作用。本综述的目的是总结目前关于银屑病、炎症性肠病，特别是克罗恩病，以及肠道和/或皮肤微生物群变化之间联系的相关信息。
