Johnstone Carolina, Pérez Montse, Arizcun Marta, García-Ruiz Cristina, Chaves-Pozo Elena
Oceanographic Center of Málaga, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Spanish National Research Council, Puerto Pesquero s/n, Fuengirola, 29640 Málaga, Spain.
Oceanographic Center of Vigo, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Spanish National Research Council, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo, 36390 Pontevedra, Spain.
Viruses. 2022 Feb 6;14(2):328. doi: 10.3390/v14020328.
The production of the aquaculture industry has increased to be equal to that of the world fisheries in recent years. However, aquaculture production faces threats such as infectious diseases. Betanodaviruses induce a neurological disease that affects fish species worldwide and is caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV). NNV has a nude capsid protecting a bipartite RNA genome that consists of molecules RNA1 and RNA2. Four NNV strains distributed worldwide are discriminated according to sequence homology of the capsid protein encoded by RNA2. Since its first description over 30 years ago, the virus has expanded and reassortant strains have appeared. Preventive treatments prioritize the RGNNV (red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus) strain that has the highest optimum temperature for replication and the broadest range of susceptible species. There is strong concern about the spreading of NNV in the mariculture industry through contaminated diet. To surveil natural reservoirs of NNV in the western Mediterranean Sea, we collected invertebrate species in 2015 in the Alboran Sea. We report the detection of the RGNNV strain in two species of cephalopod mollusks ( and ), and in one decapod crustacean (). According to RNA2 sequences obtained from invertebrate species and reported to date in the Mediterranean Sea, the strain RGNNV is predominant in this semienclosed sea. Neither an ecosystem- nor host-driven distribution of RGNNV were observed in the Mediterranean basin.
近年来，水产养殖业的产量已增长至与世界渔业产量相当。然而，水产养殖生产面临着诸如传染病等威胁。贝塔诺病毒会引发一种影响全球鱼类的神经疾病，由神经坏死病毒（NNV）引起。NNV有一个裸露的衣壳，保护着由RNA1和RNA2分子组成的双链RNA基因组。根据RNA2编码的衣壳蛋白的序列同源性，可区分分布在全球的四种NNV毒株。自30多年前首次被描述以来，该病毒不断扩散，出现了重配毒株。预防性治疗优先针对复制最适温度最高且易感物种范围最广的RGNNV（红斑石斑鱼神经坏死病毒）毒株。人们高度关注NNV通过受污染的饲料在海水养殖业中的传播。为了监测西地中海NNV的天然宿主，我们于2015年在阿尔沃兰海采集了无脊椎动物物种。我们报告在两种头足类软体动物（和）以及一种十足目甲壳动物（）中检测到了RGNNV毒株。根据从无脊椎动物物种获得并迄今在地中海报道的RNA2序列，RGNNV毒株在这片半封闭海域中占主导地位。在地中海盆地未观察到RGNNV受生态系统或宿主驱动的分布情况。
