Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6414, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 16;23(4):2175. doi: 10.3390/ijms23042175.
Changing temperatures are known to affect plant-microbe interactions; however, the molecular mechanism involved in plant disease resistance is not well understood. Here, we report the effects of a moderate change in temperature on plant immune response through Ca/calmodulin-mediated signaling. At 30 °C, DC3000 triggered significantly weak and relatively slow Ca influx in plant cells, as compared to that at 18 °C. Increased temperature contributed to an enhanced disease susceptibility in plants; the enhanced disease susceptibility is the result of the compromised stomatal closure induced by pathogens at high temperature. A Ca receptor, AtSR1, contributes to the decreased plant immunity at high temperatures and the calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD) is required for its function. Furthermore, both salicylic acid biosynthesis (ICS) and salicylic acid receptor (NPR1) are involved in this process. In addition to stomatal control, AtSR1 is involved in high temperature-compromised apoplastic immune response through the salicylic acid signaling pathway. The qRT-PCR data revealed that AtSR1 contributed to increased temperatures-mediated susceptible immune response by regulating SA-related genes in , such as , , , as well as . Our results indicate that Ca signaling has broad effects on the molecular interplay between changing temperatures as well as plant defense during plant-pathogen interactions.
温度变化已知会影响植物-微生物相互作用；然而，植物疾病抗性中涉及的分子机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们通过 Ca/钙调蛋白介导的信号转导报告了温和温度变化对植物免疫反应的影响。在 30°C 时，与 18°C 相比，DC3000 触发了植物细胞中明显较弱和相对较慢的 Ca 内流。较高的温度导致植物易感性增加；高温下病原体引起的气孔关闭受损是易感性增加的结果。钙受体 AtSR1 有助于高温下植物免疫力的降低，钙调素结合域（CaMBD）是其功能所必需的。此外，水杨酸生物合成（ICS）和水杨酸受体（NPR1）都参与了这个过程。除了对气孔的控制外，AtSR1 还通过水杨酸信号通路参与了高温削弱的质外体免疫反应。qRT-PCR 数据显示，AtSR1 通过调节 中的与 SA 相关的基因，如 、 、 以及 ，导致温度介导的易感免疫反应增加。我们的结果表明，Ca 信号转导对植物-病原体相互作用过程中温度变化以及植物防御之间的分子相互作用具有广泛的影响。
