The Key Laboratory of GIS Application Research, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Geography and Tourism College, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences, Jinan, 250013, China; Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resource Utilization, MNR, Jinan, 250013, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Geological Process and Resource Utilization, Jinan, 250013, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Jul;210:112990. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112990. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
The use of selenium (Se)-rich soils in China is an effective method for rural revitalization, but assessment of heavy metals is essential prior to the development of Se-rich soils. This study was focused on the Jiangjin district, a typical Se-rich area located in Sichuan Basin of China, to investigate contamination, influencing factors, and sources of As, Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn based on 156 topsoil samples. This study analyzed and compared the enrichment factor (EF), Nemerow index (P), geographical information system (GIS), and positive matrix factorization (PMF). Results demonstrate that the average values of As, Cu, Cd, Sb, and Zn in topsoil were higher than the soil background values of western Chongqing by approximately 1.75, 1.11, 1.27, 1.71, and 2.58 times, respectively, indicating that some heavy metals have been enriched in the soils. The polluted areas of As, Cu, Cd, and Zn in topsoil were mainly distributed in the northern and central Jiangjin district, whereas high-Sb soils were located in the southeast. The Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Sb were concentrated in Se-rich soils, indicating that heavy metals pollution should be carefully considered for the utilization of Se-rich soils. Four potential sources of heavy metals were found in this study area: 1) the parent materials (Cr, Ni, Cu); 2) industrial activities with high coal consumption (As); 3) mechanical and chemical industrial activities (Zn, Sb); and 4) transportation and agricultural activities (Pb, Cd). These observations provide a scientific basis for the development, utilization, and protection of Se-rich soil resources.
中国富硒土壤的利用是乡村振兴的有效手段，但在开发富硒土壤之前，必须对重金属进行评估。本研究以中国四川盆地典型富硒区江津区为研究对象，采集了 156 个表层土壤样品，调查了砷（As）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、镉（Cd）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）、锑（Sb）和锌（Zn）的污染状况、影响因素和来源。采用富集因子（EF）、内梅罗指数（P）、地理信息系统（GIS）和正定矩阵因子分析（PMF）等方法对重金属进行了分析和比较。结果表明，表层土壤中 As、Cu、Cd、Sb 和 Zn 的平均值分别比重庆西部土壤背景值高 1.75、1.11、1.27、1.71 和 2.58 倍，表明部分重金属在土壤中已发生富集。As、Cu、Cd 和 Zn 污染主要分布在江津北部和中部，高 Sb 土壤主要分布在东南部。Cr、Cu、Cd、Pb 和 Sb 主要富集在富硒土壤中，这表明在利用富硒土壤时，应谨慎考虑重金属污染问题。本研究区共发现 4 种重金属潜在来源：1）母质（Cr、Ni、Cu）；2）高耗煤工业活动（As）；3）机械和化学工业活动（Zn、Sb）；4）交通运输和农业活动（Pb、Cd）。这些发现为富硒土壤资源的开发、利用和保护提供了科学依据。
