基于实际源排放特征对北京居民和工业燃料燃烧进行精细化源解析。
Refined source apportionment of residential and industrial fuel combustion in the Beijing based on real-world source profiles.
作者信息
Cui Min, Chen Yingjun, Yan Caiqing, Li Jun, Zhang Gan
机构信息
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 20;826:154101. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154101. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
Residential and industrial emissions are considered as dominant contributors to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) in China. However, the contributions of residential and industrial fuel combustion are difficult to distinguish because specific source indicators are lacking. In this study, real-world source testing was performed on residential coal, biomass and industrial combustion, industrial processes, and diesel and gasoline vehicle source emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China. PM emission factors and chemical profiles, including 97 compositions (e.g., carbonaceous matter, water-soluble ions, elements, EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (EPAHs), methyl PAHs (MPAHs), and n-alkanes) were obtained for the aforementioned sources. The results showed high OC1, OC2, fluoranthene, methyl fluoranthene, and retene in emissions from residential coal combustion, high OC3, sulfate, Ca, and iron abundance in emissions from industrial combustion, and high Pb and Zn loadings in emissions from industrial processes. Furthermore, specific diagnostic ratios were determined to distinguish between residential and industrial fuel combustion. For example, the ratios of MPAHs/EPAHs (>1) and Mfluo/Fluo (>5) can be used as fingerprinting ratios to distinguish residential coal combustion from other sources. Finally, 1-h resolution refined source apportionments of PM were conducted in Beijing during two haze events (EP1 and EP2) with a chemical mass balance (CMB) model based on the localized real-world source profiles established in this study. Source apportionment results of CMB showed that the contributions of industrial and residential fuel combustion were 19.4% and 30.8% in EP1 and 26.8% and 18.1% in EP2, respectively, which were comparable to the results of the positive matrix factorization model (R = 0.82). This study provides valuable information for the successful and accurate determination of the contributions of residential and industrial fuel combustion to ambient PM.
在中国，住宅和工业排放被视为环境细颗粒物（PM）的主要来源。然而，由于缺乏特定的源指标，住宅和工业燃料燃烧的贡献难以区分。本研究对中国京津冀地区的住宅煤炭、生物质和工业燃烧、工业过程以及柴油和汽油车辆源排放进行了实际源测试。获得了上述源的PM排放因子和化学特征，包括97种成分（如碳质物质、水溶性离子、元素、美国环保署优先多环芳烃（EPAHs）、甲基多环芳烃（MPAHs）和正构烷烃）。结果表明，住宅煤炭燃烧排放中OC1、OC2、荧蒽、甲基荧蒽和惹烯含量较高，工业燃烧排放中OC3、硫酸盐、钙和铁含量较高，工业过程排放中铅和锌含量较高。此外，还确定了特定的诊断比率以区分住宅和工业燃料燃烧。例如，MPAHs/EPAHs（>1）和Mfluo/Fluo（>5）的比率可作为指纹识别比率，以区分住宅煤炭燃烧与其他来源。最后，基于本研究建立的本地化实际源剖面，利用化学质量平衡（CMB）模型对北京两次雾霾事件（EP1和EP2）期间的PM进行了1小时分辨率的精细化源解析。CMB的源解析结果表明，工业和住宅燃料燃烧在EP1中的贡献分别为19.4%和30.8%，在EP2中分别为26.8%和18.1%，与正定矩阵因子分解模型的结果相当（R = 0.82）。本研究为成功准确地确定住宅和工业燃料燃烧对环境PM的贡献提供了有价值的信息。
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