Khan Md Ishak, Hossain M Imran, Hossain M Khalid, Rubel M H K, Hossain K M, Mahfuz A M U B, Anik Muzahidul I
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71270, United States.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2022 Mar 21;5(3):971-1012. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00002. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
Traditional treatment approaches for cancer involve intravenous chemotherapy or other forms of drug delivery. These therapeutic measures suffer from several limitations such as nonspecific targeting, poor biodistribution, and buildup of drug resistances. However, significant technological advancements have been made in terms of superior modes of drug delivery over the last few decades. Technical capability in analyzing the molecular mechanisms of tumor biology, nanotechnology─particularly the development of biocompatible nanoparticles, surface modification techniques, microelectronics, and material sciences─has increased. As a result, a significant number of nanostructured carriers that can deliver drugs to specific cancerous sites with high efficiency have been developed. This particular maneuver that enables the introduction of a therapeutic nanostructured substance in the body by controlling the rate, time, and place is defined as the nanostructured drug delivery system (NDDS). Because of their versatility and ability to incorporate features such as specific targeting, water solubility, stability, biocompatibility, degradability, and ability to reverse drug resistance, they have attracted the interest of the scientific community, in general, and nanotechnologists as well as biomedical scientists. To keep pace with the rapid advancement of nanotechnology, specific technical aspects of the recent NDDSs and their prospects need to be reported coherently. To address these ongoing issues, this review article provides an overview of different NDDSs such as lipids, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles. In addition, this review also reports the challenges of current NDDSs and points out the prospective research directions of these nanocarriers. From our focused review, we conclude that still now the most advanced and potent field of application for NDDSs is lipid-based, while other significantly potential fields include polymer-based and inorganic NDDSs. However, despite the promises, challenges remain in practical implementations of such NDDSs in terms of dosage and stability, and caution should be exercised regarding biocompatibility of materials. Considering these aspects objectively, this review on NDDSs will be particularly of interest for small-to-large scale industrial researchers and academicians with expertise in drug delivery, cancer research, and nanotechnology.
癌症的传统治疗方法包括静脉化疗或其他药物递送形式。这些治疗措施存在一些局限性，如非特异性靶向、生物分布不佳以及耐药性的产生。然而，在过去几十年中，药物递送的先进模式取得了重大技术进步。分析肿瘤生物学分子机制的技术能力、纳米技术（特别是生物相容性纳米颗粒的开发、表面改性技术、微电子学和材料科学）都有所提高。因此，已经开发出大量能够将药物高效递送至特定癌灶的纳米结构载体。这种通过控制速率、时间和位置在体内引入治疗性纳米结构物质的特殊操作被定义为纳米结构药物递送系统（NDDS）。由于它们的多功能性以及能够整合诸如特异性靶向、水溶性、稳定性、生物相容性、可降解性和逆转耐药性等特性，它们总体上吸引了科学界、纳米技术专家以及生物医学科学家的关注。为了跟上纳米技术的快速发展，需要连贯地报道近期NDDS的具体技术方面及其前景。为了解决这些持续存在的问题，这篇综述文章概述了不同的NDDS，如脂质、聚合物和无机纳米颗粒。此外，本综述还报告了当前NDDS面临的挑战，并指出了这些纳米载体的前瞻性研究方向。通过我们的重点综述，我们得出结论，到目前为止，NDDS最先进、最有效的应用领域是基于脂质的，而其他具有显著潜力的领域包括基于聚合物的和无机的NDDS。然而，尽管前景广阔，但在剂量和稳定性方面，此类NDDS的实际应用仍存在挑战，并且应谨慎考虑材料的生物相容性。客观地考虑这些方面，这篇关于NDDS的综述对于从小规模到大规模的工业研究人员以及在药物递送、癌症研究和纳米技术方面具有专业知识的学者将特别有吸引力。
