Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2022 Feb 11;27(2):54. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2702054.
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) requires the orthodontic forces (compressive and tensile strain) to subject to the periodontal ligament and mechanosensory cells in the periodontium and to achieve mechanotransduction by mechanoreceptors. In the context of OTM, a diverse array of signaling pathways are activated in mechanosensory cells that modulate bone resorption and formation in and models. The underlying molecular signal transduction, such as MAPK and β-Catenin signaling, that is involved in OTM, has been partially identified. It includes, but is not limited to genes and proteins which are related to osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, cementogenesis and inflammation. However, the interactive relation of β-Catenin and MAPK signaling remains ambiguous and diverse cross-talks are acting with each other. In this comprehensive text, we review the biology of OTM and reported experimental results on the activation/inhibition of these two signaling pathways during OTM. Here, we also focus on the implications and interplays between the MAPK and β-Catenin signaling in mechanosensory cells in response to orthodontic forces. Finally, the potential of further investigation strategies aimed at supporting orthodontic interventions are discussed. This review provides a conceptual framework for more comprehensive knowledge about signaling interaction during OTM.
正畸牙齿移动（OTM）需要正畸力（压缩和拉伸应变）作用于牙周韧带和牙周组织中的机械感受器细胞，并通过机械感受器实现力学转导。在 OTM 背景下，机械感受器细胞中激活了多种信号通路，调节了骨吸收和骨形成。涉及 OTM 的潜在分子信号转导，如 MAPK 和 β-连环蛋白信号转导，已部分确定。它包括但不限于与成骨、破骨细胞生成、牙骨质生成和炎症相关的基因和蛋白质。然而，β-连环蛋白和 MAPK 信号之间的相互关系仍然不清楚，并且存在相互作用的各种信号通路。在这篇综合文章中，我们回顾了 OTM 的生物学以及关于这两种信号通路在 OTM 过程中的激活/抑制的实验结果。在这里，我们还重点关注机械感受器细胞中 MAPK 和 β-连环蛋白信号对正畸力的反应之间的相互关系和相互作用。最后，讨论了旨在支持正畸干预的进一步研究策略的潜力。本综述为更全面地了解 OTM 期间的信号相互作用提供了一个概念框架。
