McMahon Colin J, Heying Ruth, Budts Werner, Cavigelli-Brunner Anna, Shkolnikova Maria, Michel-Behnke Ina, Kozlik-Feldmann Rainer, Wåhlander Håkan, DeWolf Daniel, Difilippo Sylvie, Kornyei Laslo, Russo Maria Giovanna, Kaneva-Nencheva Anna, Mesihovic-Dinarevic Senka, Vesel Samo, Oskarsson Gylfi, Papadopoulos George, Petropoulos Andreas C, Cevik Berna Saylan, Jossif Antonis, Doros Gabriela, Krusensjerna-Hafstrom Thomas, Dangel Joanna, Rahkonen Otto, Albert-Brotons Dimpna C, Alvares Silvia, Brun Henrik, Janousek Jan, Pitkänen-Argillander Olli, Voges Inga, Lubaua Inguna, Sendzikaite Skaiste, Magee Alan G, Rhodes Mark J, Blom Nico A, Bu'Lock Frances, Hanseus Katarina, Milanesi Ornella
Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
Cardiol Young. 2022 Dec;32(12):1966-1983. doi: 10.1017/S104795112100528X. Epub 2022 Mar 1.
Limited data exist on training of European paediatric and adult congenital cardiologists.
A structured and approved questionnaire was circulated to national delegates of Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology in 33 European countries.
Delegates from 30 countries (91%) responded. Paediatric cardiology was not recognised as a distinct speciality by the respective ministry of Health in seven countries (23%). Twenty countries (67%) have formally accredited paediatric cardiology training programmes, seven (23%) have substantial informal (not accredited or certified) training, and three (10%) have very limited or no programme. Twenty-two countries have a curriculum. Twelve countries have a national training director. There was one paediatric cardiology centre per 2.66 million population (range 0.87-9.64 million), one cardiac surgical centre per 4.73 million population (range 1.63-10.72 million), and one training centre per 4.29 million population (range 1.63-10.72 million population). The median number of paediatric cardiology fellows per training programme was 4 (range 1-17), and duration of training was 3 years (range 2-5 years). An exit examination in paediatric cardiology was conducted in 16 countries (53%) and certification provided by 20 countries (67%). Paediatric cardiologist number is affected by gross domestic product (R = 0.41).
Training varies markedly across European countries. Although formal fellowship programmes exist in many countries, several countries have informal training or no training. Only a minority of countries provide both exit examination and certification. Harmonisation of training and standardisation of exit examination and certification could reduce variation in training thereby promoting high-quality care by European congenital cardiologists.
关于欧洲儿科和成人先天性心脏病专家培训的数据有限。
向33个欧洲国家的欧洲儿科和先天性心脏病协会的国家代表发放了一份结构化且经批准的调查问卷。
30个国家（91%）的代表做出了回应。在7个国家（23%），儿科心脏病学未被各自的卫生部认可为一个独立的专科。20个国家（67%）有正式认可的儿科心脏病学培训项目，7个国家（23%）有大量非正式（未认可或未认证）培训，3个国家（10%）的培训项目非常有限或没有。22个国家有课程设置。12个国家有国家培训主任。每266万人口有一个儿科心脏病学中心（范围为87万 - 964万），每473万人口有一个心脏外科中心（范围为163万 - 1072万），每429万人口有一个培训中心（范围为163万 - 1072万人口）。每个培训项目的儿科心脏病学研究员中位数为4名（范围为1 - 17名），培训时长为3年（范围为2 - 5年）。16个国家（53%）进行了儿科心脏病学结业考试，20个国家（67%）提供认证。儿科心脏病专家数量受国内生产总值影响（R = 0.41）。
欧洲各国的培训差异显著。尽管许多国家存在正式的专科培训项目，但仍有几个国家进行非正式培训或没有培训。只有少数国家同时提供结业考试和认证。培训的协调以及结业考试和认证的标准化可以减少培训差异，从而促进欧洲先天性心脏病专家提供高质量的医疗服务。
