ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; SenseTest Lda, Rua Zeferino Costa, 341, 4400-345 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; GreenUPorto/INOV4Agro, DGAOT, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua da Agrária, 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.
SenseTest Lda, Rua Zeferino Costa, 341, 4400-345 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; GreenUPorto/INOV4Agro, DGAOT, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua da Agrária, 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.
Food Res Int. 2022 Mar;153:110976. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110976. Epub 2022 Feb 5.
Paracentrotus lividus gonads are receiving increasing interest for their unique sensory attributes. However, the sensory profile of this highly demanded gourmet product has not yet been well described, and doing so may potentially benefit the gonads' marketability and acceptability. The main goal of this study was to build a sensory profile of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) gonads, to evaluate differences between sex and harvest location. Eighty untrained panellists (regular consumers of seafood) were asked to evaluate four samples of raw sea urchin gonads (inside a sea urchin test), divided by sex and harvest location. The panellists evaluated overall liking and acceptance (Food Action Scale), followed by a Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) ballot with a list of 22 sensory attributes divided into four dimensions: appearance (6), odour (6), texture (4) and taste (6). No significant effects of sex and harvest location were identified for liking, but a significant effect of the sex for the Food Action Rating Scale (FACT) was identified. Sensory profiling clearly separated gonads according to sex, with females being more appealing than males. Females were strongly correlated with a pleasant and intense tropical taste, as well as an overall appealing and grainy appearance and a pleasant tropical odour, while males had a slimy appearance and a milky white exudate. When compared with the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) approach used in our previous study, the use of the RATA approach allowed to discriminate female gonads according to their origin, with those from Praia Norte being firmer, more resilient and more appealing than the ones from Carreço. This study reinforced the fact that female sea urchins tend to present an intense and pleasant tropical taste and a pleasant tropical odour, thus being more appealing to the panellists, contributing valuable information for future nutritional aquaculture studies aiming to enhance sea urchin gonads' attributes and, subsequently, their market valorisation.
紫海胆性腺因其独特的感官特性而受到越来越多的关注。然而，这种高需求的美食产品的感官特征尚未得到很好的描述，而这样做可能有助于提高性腺的市场接受度。本研究的主要目的是构建紫海胆（Paracentrotus lividus）性腺的感官特征图谱，评估其性别和收获地点的差异。80 名未经培训的品评员（海鲜的普通消费者）被要求评估四个生紫海胆性腺样本（在海胆内部），按性别和收获地点进行划分。品评员评估了总体喜好和接受度（食品行为量表），然后进行了 RATA 投票，其中列出了 22 种感官属性，分为四个维度：外观（6）、气味（6）、质地（4）和味道（6）。性别和收获地点对喜好没有显著影响，但在食品行为评分量表（FACT）中，性别有显著影响。感官特征图谱清楚地区分了性腺的性别，雌性比雄性更具吸引力。雌性与宜人而强烈的热带风味、整体吸引人的颗粒状外观和宜人的热带气味强烈相关，而雄性则具有粘性外观和乳白色渗出物。与我们之前研究中使用的 CATA 方法相比，RATA 方法的使用能够根据起源区分雌性性腺，Praia Norte 的性腺更坚硬、更有弹性、更吸引人，而 Carreço 的性腺则更柔软。本研究进一步证实了雌性海胆往往具有强烈而宜人的热带风味和宜人的热带气味，因此更受品评员的欢迎，为未来旨在增强海胆性腺特性的营养水产养殖研究提供了有价值的信息，从而提高其市场价值。
