Wiśniewska Kinga, Śliwińska-Wilczewska Sylwia, Savoie Mireille, Lewandowska Anita U
Division of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 20;826:154152. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154152. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
Apart from viruses and bacteria, cyanobacteria and microalgae present in the atmosphere may pose a threat to the health of humans by inducing illnesses and diseases. Yet, they play an important role in the environment, influencing the Earth's radiation budget by absorbing and scattering solar radiation. The present study determined the daily and seasonal qualitative and qualitative variabilities of airborne cyanobacteria and microalgae during both vegetative and non-vegetative seasons in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. Samples were collected from January to December 2020 with a Tisch six-stage microbiological impactor which was used as a substitute for the respiratory tract. The stage levels of the impactor represented the respiratory tract and reproduced lung penetration by airborne particles, which allowed us to assess penetration of cyanobacteria and microalgae to the deepest parts of the human respiratory system. A total of 296 samples of cyanobacteria and microalgae were collected during the day and 276 samples during the night. The results showed that cyanobacteria and microalgae were present in the air all year, and their maximum abundance was 1685 cells m in July. Furthermore, the ability of these microorganisms to produce the toxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was confirmed, which has a high potential negative impact on human health. MC-LR has been found in Nostoc sp., Pseudanabaena sp., Leptolyngbya sp., Synechococcus sp., Gloeocapsa sp., Aphanothece sp., and Rivularia sp. maintained at our Culture Collection of Airborne Algae (CCAA), as well as from air samples. The highest concentrations of MC-LR were recorded in airborne Synechococcus sp. CCAA 46 and amounted to as much as 420 fg cell. In turn, the highest mean concentration of 0.95 μg L for MC-LR was recorded in an air sample taken in May. This research expands the knowledge on cyanobacteria and microalgae present in the atmosphere in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea. We propose these microorganisms be used as indicators for further research on bioaerosols, which are potentially dangerous to human health.
除病毒和细菌外，大气中存在的蓝藻和微藻可能通过引发疾病对人类健康构成威胁。然而，它们在环境中发挥着重要作用，通过吸收和散射太阳辐射影响地球的辐射收支。本研究确定了波罗的海沿岸地区营养期和非营养期空气中蓝藻和微藻的日变化和季节变化的定性和定量特征。2020年1月至12月，使用 Tisch 六级微生物撞击器收集样本，该撞击器用作呼吸道的替代品。撞击器的各级代表呼吸道，并模拟空气传播颗粒在肺部的穿透情况，这使我们能够评估蓝藻和微藻对人类呼吸系统最深部位的穿透情况。白天共收集了296份蓝藻和微藻样本，夜间收集了276份样本。结果表明，蓝藻和微藻全年都存在于空气中，其最大丰度在7月为1685个细胞/立方米。此外，证实了这些微生物产生微囊藻毒素-LR（MC-LR）的能力，该毒素对人类健康具有很高的潜在负面影响。在保存在我们的空气传播藻类培养物保藏中心（CCAA）的念珠藻属、伪鱼腥藻属、细鞘丝藻属、聚球藻属、粘球藻属、隐球藻属和胶须藻属中，以及在空气样本中都发现了MC-LR。在空气传播的聚球藻属CCAA 46中记录到最高浓度的MC-LR，高达420 fg/细胞。反过来，在5月采集的空气样本中记录到MC-LR的最高平均浓度为0.95μg/L。这项研究扩展了对波罗的海南部沿岸地区大气中蓝藻和微藻的认识。我们建议将这些微生物用作进一步研究对人类健康有潜在危险的生物气溶胶的指标。
