School of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
School of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Jun 5;431:128525. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128525. Epub 2022 Feb 22.
Wastewater from production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) often contains proteins, azo dyes or antibiotics, which cause severe water eutrophication and growth of drug-resistant bacteria. A series of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membranes was prepared to determine the relationships between pore structures and the abilities of different membranes to separate foulants, and the characteristics and performance of the ultrafiltration membranes were investigated. The structure of the skin layer and the cross-sectional texture were converted from dense and finger-like macrovoids to porous sponge shapes because of a delayed liquid-liquid (L-L) demixing time. Formation of novel PPSU membranes via noncovalent bonding interactions was evaluated, and this selectively affected the membrane surface pore structure, layer thickness, surface polarity and electronic repulsive force. All PPSU membranes demonstrated excellent rejection of organic foulants, including bovine serum albumin (BSA) (100% rejection) and acid red 1 (AR1) (90% rejection). Additionally, M5 provided an excellent tetracycline (TC) rejection efficiency of 89% in the 1 cycle. Due to the small size of TC, pore size effects were displayed. Moreover, the pure water flux recovery rate (FRR) increased from 85% (M1, water/ethanol: 100/0) to 99.9% (M4, water/ethanol: 30/70) after BSA filtration because the weak nonsolvent decreased the roughness of the membrane surface, and the membrane made with added EtOH yielded excellent FRR values (99.9%) after AR1 filtration. Therefore, PPSU membranes successfully achieved over 90% rejection of organic foulants and excellent FRRs, indicating that they may be suitable for purifying wastewater from API plants that generate organic foulants with a wide range of sizes.
制药（API）生产过程产生的废水通常含有蛋白质、偶氮染料或抗生素，这些物质会导致严重的水体富营养化和耐药菌的生长。本研究制备了一系列聚苯砜（PPSU）膜，以确定孔结构与不同膜分离污染物能力之间的关系，并研究了超滤膜的特性和性能。由于延迟的液-液相（L-L）分相时间，皮层结构和横截面质地从致密的指状大孔转变为多孔海绵状。通过非共价键相互作用形成的新型 PPSU 膜得到评估，这选择性地影响了膜表面孔结构、层厚度、表面极性和电子斥力。所有 PPSU 膜对有机污染物（包括牛血清白蛋白（BSA）（100%的去除率）和酸性红 1（AR1）（90%的去除率））都表现出优异的截留性能。此外，M5 在 1 个循环中对四环素（TC）提供了出色的 89%的去除效率。由于 TC 的尺寸较小，因此表现出了孔径效应。此外，在 BSA 过滤后，纯水通量恢复率（FRR）从 85%（M1，水/乙醇：100/0）增加到 99.9%（M4，水/乙醇：30/70），因为较弱的非溶剂降低了膜表面的粗糙度，而添加 EtOH 的膜在 AR1 过滤后产生了出色的 FRR 值（99.9%）。因此，PPSU 膜成功实现了对有机污染物超过 90%的截留率和出色的 FRR 值，这表明它们可能适用于净化 API 生产过程中产生的含有各种尺寸有机污染物的废水。
