While significant progress has been seen in fields such as cardiovascular medicine and cancer in improving patient stratification and developing targeted drugs based on genetic findings, progress continues to lag for neuropsychiatric disorders. To address this issue, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a workshop in October 2021. The workshop brought together government, philanthropic foundations, and disease-focused non--profit organizations to discuss new genetic and neuroscience technologies and explore how they can be used to elucidate disease mechanisms and to advance the development of biomarkers and targeted therapies for people with neurological and psychiatric disorders. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop.