Microbial-phytoremediation is an effective bioremediation technology that introduces petroleum-degrading bacteria and oil-tolerant plants into oil-contaminated soils in order to achieve effective degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). In this work, natural attenuation (NA), microbial remediation (MR, using Acinetobacter sp. Tust-DM21), phytoremediation (PR, using Suaeda glauca), and microbial-phytoremediation (MPR, using both species) were utilized to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. We evaluated four different biological treatments, assessing TPH degradation rates, soil enzyme activities, and the structure of microbial community in the petroleum-contaminated soil. This finding revealed that the roots of Suaeda glauca adsorbed small amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, causing the structure of soil microbiota community to reshape. The abundance of petroleum-degrading bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has increased, as has microbial diversity. According to correlation research, these genera increased soil enzyme activity, boosted the number of degradation-functional genes in the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation pathway, and accelerated the dissipation and degradation of TPH in petroleum-contaminated soil. This evidence contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the combined microbial-phytoremediation strategies for contaminated soil, specifically the interaction between microflora and plants in co-remediation and the effects on the structural reshaping of rhizosphere microbial communities.