School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
J Hist Neurosci. 2022 Apr-Jun;31(2-3):262-278. doi: 10.1080/0964704X.2022.2033077. Epub 2022 Mar 3.
In the second century ce, Galen described seven pairs of cerebral nerves. He did not name the nerves, nor did he illustrate his work. Galen's descriptive texts survived until the mid-sixteenth century, when anatomists, influenced by the artistic and scientific revolution of the Renaissance, began a reformation in anatomical research. They closely observed their own dissected material and conveyed their results not only in words but commonly by lavish drawings. Many of the great anatomists reexamined the cerebral nerves, adding descriptive text or changing the classification. In 1778, Thomas Soemmerring (1755-1830) named 12 pairs of cerebral nerves upon which the modern cranial nerve nomenclature is based. Soemmerring matched his text with clear, decisive illustrations. This article describes the works of some of the great artists in the period from Vesalius to Soemmerring and how they used illustration to supplement and provide clarity for their textual descriptions of the cranial nerves.
公元 2 世纪，盖仑描述了七对脑神经。他没有给这些神经命名，也没有对其进行图示说明。盖仑的描述性文字一直留存到 16 世纪中叶，当时受到文艺复兴艺术和科学革命的影响，解剖学家开始对解剖学研究进行改革。他们仔细观察自己解剖的材料，不仅用文字，而且通常还用精美的图画来表达研究结果。许多伟大的解剖学家重新检查了脑神经，增加了描述性文字或改变了分类。1778 年，托马斯·索默林（Thomas Soemmerring，1755-1830 年）根据现代脑神经命名法，命名了 12 对脑神经。索默林用清晰、果断的插图来配合他的文字。本文描述了从维萨里乌斯到索默林时期一些伟大艺术家的作品，以及他们如何使用插图来补充和阐明他们对脑神经的文字描述。
