加纳农村地区儿童保健服务提供和利用的社会文化障碍：一项定性研究。
Socio-cultural barriers to the delivery and utilisation of child healthcare services in rural Ghana: a qualitative study.
机构信息
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
出版信息
BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Mar 3;22(1):289. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-07660-9.
BACKGROUND
Over half of global deaths among children under five years of age occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Prompt and consistent access to and utilisation of child healthcare services improves child health outcomes. However, socio-cultural barriers impede the utilisation of child healthcare services among rural dwellers in Ghana. There is a paucity of studies that explore the experiences of nurses and caregivers regarding the socio-cultural barriers to the delivery and utilisation of child healthcare services in rural areas in Ghana such as the Nkwanta South Municipality.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nurses and caregivers regarding the socio-cultural barriers that impede the delivery and utilisation of child healthcare services by caregivers for their children in the Nkwanta South Municipality, Ghana.
METHODS
Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with a purposive sample of ten nurses and nine caregivers of children under five years of age who utilised the available child healthcare services in a rural setting. The consent of all participants was sought and given before interviews were conducted. Data analysis entailed coding and the generation of themes the codes.
RESULTS
The exploration of experiences of nurses and caregivers of children under-five years of age revealed that certain socio-cultural beliefs and practices, language barriers and reliance of caregivers on self-medication were the main socio-cultural barriers that impeded the delivery and utilisation of child healthcare services in the Nkwanta South Municipality.
CONCLUSION
Nurses and caregivers experienced several socio-cultural barriers which either delayed care seeking by caregivers for their sick children or interfered with the smooth and prompt delivery of needed child healthcare services by nurses. Some of the barriers negatively affected the interaction between nurses and caregivers with the tendency to affect subsequent child healthcare service utilisation. It is recommended that healthcare managers and nurses should foster close collaboration with caregivers and community leaders to address these socio-cultural barriers and facilitate prompt and consistent utilisation of child healthcare service in rural areas.
背景
五岁以下儿童的全球死亡人数有一半以上发生在撒哈拉以南非洲。及时、持续地获得和利用儿童保健服务可以改善儿童的健康结果。然而，社会文化障碍阻碍了加纳农村居民对儿童保健服务的利用。缺乏研究探索护士和照顾者在加纳农村地区（如恩夸塔南南直辖市）提供和利用儿童保健服务方面面临的社会文化障碍的经验。
目的
本研究旨在探讨护士和照顾者在加纳恩夸塔南南直辖市，阻碍照顾者为其子女提供儿童保健服务的社会文化障碍方面的经验。
方法
通过对在农村环境中使用现有儿童保健服务的 10 名护士和 9 名 5 岁以下儿童照顾者进行的半结构化访谈收集数据。在进行访谈之前，征得并获得了所有参与者的同意。数据分析包括对代码进行编码和生成主题。
结果
对 5 岁以下儿童的护士和照顾者的经验进行探索，揭示了某些社会文化信念和习俗、语言障碍以及照顾者对自我用药的依赖，这些都是阻碍恩夸塔南南直辖市提供和利用儿童保健服务的主要社会文化障碍。
结论
护士和照顾者经历了一些社会文化障碍，这些障碍要么延迟了照顾者为生病的孩子寻求护理，要么干扰了护士顺利、及时地提供所需的儿童保健服务。一些障碍对护士和照顾者之间的互动产生了负面影响，从而影响了后续儿童保健服务的利用。建议医疗保健管理人员和护士应与照顾者和社区领导人密切合作，解决这些社会文化障碍，促进农村地区及时、持续地利用儿童保健服务。
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