Ferrel Meganne N, Gerhard Eleanor F, Johnstad Christine M, Nesbitt Kristin, Pereira Sara J, Fiedler Amy G
School of Medicine, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2023 Apr;165(4):1488-1492. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.02.006. Epub 2022 Feb 10.
Women remain a small minority of cardiothoracic surgeons, and within adult cardiac surgery, the gender gap widens. This study examines the career pathway and trajectory of female adult cardiac surgeons.
Female cardiothoracic surgeons were identified from the American Board of Thoracic Surgery diplomates over 58 years. Publicly available information was obtained to determine years in practice, practice type, academic and leadership title(s), and location of practice.
The average number of years in practice for female adult cardiac surgeons was 13.1. Those categorized as adult cardiac surgeons composed 25.4% (n = 90) of all female cardiothoracic diplomates and 134 (37.9%) were categorized as other subspecialty practice. Of the adult cardiac surgeons, 33.3% (n = 30) practiced privately and the remainder in academic practice. Academic titles were held by 47.8% (43 out of 90) and 30% (27 out of 90) held a position of leadership. Of those in academic practice, 25% (11 out of 42) are titled professor, whereas 43% (18 out of 42) are assistant professors. Most commonly, those in positions of leadership held the title "director," which reflects 37% (10 out of 27) of individuals. Practice locations were distributed throughout the United States, with the highest number in the northeast (26.7%).
Only a small portion of female cardiothoracic surgeons pursue a career in adult cardiac surgery compared to their male counterparts. From 1999 to 2009, 1300 individuals were board certified cardiothoracic surgeons, of whom only 103 (7.9%) were female. Of these, the majority of female cardiothoracic surgeons entered academic practice. Although the overall number of practicing female adult cardiac surgeons has increased with a growth rate of 10.7%, this number remains extremely low. A discrepancy remains between gender representation of academic titles and leadership positions. Although the field has increased female representation over the past few decades, work remains to ensure all potential talent is encouraged and supported.
女性在心胸外科医生中仍占少数，在成人心脏外科领域，性别差距进一步扩大。本研究旨在探讨成年女性心脏外科医生的职业道路和发展轨迹。
从美国胸外科医师委员会58年间的专科医师中识别出女性心胸外科医生。获取公开信息以确定从业年限、执业类型、学术和领导职务以及执业地点。
成年女性心脏外科医生的平均从业年限为13.1年。被归类为成人心脏外科医生的女性占所有女性心胸外科专科医师的25.4%（n = 90），134名（37.9%）被归类为其他亚专科执业。在成人心脏外科医生中，33.3%（n = 30）为私人执业，其余为学术执业。47.8%（90人中的43人）拥有学术头衔，30%（90人中的27人）担任领导职务。在学术执业者中，25%（42人中的11人）为教授职称，而43%（42人中的18人）为助理教授。担任领导职务的人中，最常见的头衔是“主任”，占37%（27人中的10人）。执业地点分布在美国各地，东北部数量最多（26.7%）。
与男性同行相比，只有一小部分女性心胸外科医生从事成人心脏外科职业。1999年至2009年，有1300人获得心胸外科专科医师资格认证，其中只有103人（7.9%）是女性。其中，大多数女性心胸外科医生进入学术执业领域。尽管执业的成年女性心脏外科医生总数以10.7%的增长率有所增加，但这一数字仍然极低。学术头衔和领导职位的性别代表性之间仍存在差异。尽管在过去几十年中该领域女性代表性有所增加，但仍需努力确保所有潜在人才都能得到鼓励和支持。
