Artiles-Ortega Einar, Portal Orelvis, Jeyanathan Jeyamalar, Reguera-Barreto Beydis, de la Fé-Rodríguez Pedro Yoelvys, Lima-Orozco Raciel, Fievez Veerle
Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Feb 16;12:769438. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.769438. eCollection 2021.
represents a local protein source in tropical ruminant diets. However, its full exploitation is impaired by mimosine, unless it is degraded by the rumen microbial community. Recently, the ruminal bacterial communities of newborns were persistently modified through prenatal or postnatal dietary interventions. Such early-life interventions might enhance adaptation of ruminants to , which was investigated using a 2 × 2 factorial design trial that tested both supplementation of in the late pregnancy diet of goat does, and supplementation of live yeast to their newborns. The composition of ruminal bacteria, immune status, as well as organic matter digestibility (OMD) and performance of kids were studied during and after the intervention. Ten pregnant goats were divided into two groups: the D+ and D- groups, which either received or did not receive 30 g of forage meal during the last 7 ± 0.5 weeks of gestation. Twins from each goat were divided into the K+ and K- group (supplemented with or without 0.2 g/d of live yeast from day 3 until weaning at 8 weeks). Rumen samples were collected from 4-, 8-, 14-, and 20-weeks old kids to assess the bacterial community, while immune parameters (white blood cells, immunoglobulin M and G, and chitotriosidase activity) were measured in blood and saliva sampled at 4-, 8-, and 20-weeks. We found a stimulatory effect of the prenatal exposure on the post-weaning dry matter intake of the supplemented diet, resulting in a higher daily gain and final body weight at 20 weeks in the D+ . D- group (406 . 370 g DM/d, 85.4 vs. 78.6 g/d, and 15.2 vs. 13.8 kg, respectively). Moreover, represented a greater proportion of the rumen bacterial community of the D+ vs. D- kids (5.1 vs. 1.6%). Differences in the immune status were relatively small and not thought to be a driving factor of differences in animal performance. Furthermore, postnatal supplementation of live yeast favored maturation of the rumen bacterial community (i.e., greater abundance of Bacteroidetes, in particular , and reduced abundance of Firmicutes) and protozoa colonization. Concomitantly, OMD was enhanced post-weaning, suggesting effects of the early-life intervention persisted and could have affected animal performance.
在热带反刍动物日粮中代表一种本地蛋白质来源。然而，除非它被瘤胃微生物群落降解，否则其充分利用会受到含羞草素的损害。最近，通过产前或产后饮食干预，新生反刍动物的瘤胃细菌群落得到了持续改变。这种早期生活干预可能会增强反刍动物对……的适应性，为此进行了一项2×2析因设计试验，该试验测试了在妊娠后期母山羊日粮中添加……以及给它们的新生羔羊补充活酵母的效果。在干预期间和之后，研究了瘤胃细菌的组成、免疫状态以及羔羊的有机物消化率（OMD）和生产性能。十只怀孕的山羊被分为两组：D+组和D-组，在妊娠最后7±0.5周期间，D+组接受30克……草料粉，D-组未接受。每只山羊的双胞胎羔羊被分为K+组和K-组（从第3天到8周断奶期间，K+组补充0.2克/天的活酵母，K-组未补充）。从4周、8周、14周和20周龄的羔羊采集瘤胃样本以评估细菌群落，同时在4周、8周和20周采集的血液和唾液中测量免疫参数（白细胞、免疫球蛋白M和G以及几丁质酶活性）。我们发现产前暴露对补充……日粮的羔羊断奶后干物质采食量有刺激作用，导致D+组在20周时日增重更高、终体重更大。D-组分别为406……370克干物质/天、85.4对78.6克/天以及15.2对13.8千克。此外，在D+组羔羊的瘤胃细菌群落中，……所占比例高于D-组（5.1%对1.6%）。免疫状态的差异相对较小，不被认为是动物生产性能差异的驱动因素。此外，产后补充活酵母有利于瘤胃细菌群落的成熟（即拟杆菌门丰度更高，特别是……，厚壁菌门丰度降低）和原生动物定殖。同时，断奶后OMD增强，表明早期生活干预的影响持续存在，可能影响了动物生产性能。
