Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Feb 17;13:815257. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.815257. eCollection 2022.
HMGB1, a highly conserved non-histone nuclear protein, is widely expressed in mammalian cells. HMGB1 in the nucleus binds to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to regulate the structure of chromosomes and maintain the transcription, replication, DNA repair, and nucleosome assembly. HMGB1 is actively or passively released into the extracellular region during cells activation or necrosis. Extracellular HMGB1 as an alarmin can initiate immune response alone or combined with other substances such as nucleic acid to participate in multiple biological processes. It has been reported that HMGB1 is involved in various inflammatory responses and autoimmunity. This review article summarizes the physiological function of HMGB1, the post-translational modification of HMGB1, its interaction with different receptors, and its recent advances in rheumatic diseases and strategies for targeted therapy.
高迁移率族蛋白 B1（HMGB1）是一种高度保守的非组蛋白核蛋白，广泛存在于哺乳动物细胞中。细胞核内的 HMGB1 与脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）结合，调节染色体的结构，维持转录、复制、DNA 修复和核小体组装。HMGB1 在细胞激活或坏死时主动或被动释放到细胞外区域。细胞外 HMGB1 作为警报素，可单独或与其他物质（如核酸）结合，参与多种生物学过程。已有报道称，HMGB1 参与各种炎症反应和自身免疫。本文综述了 HMGB1 的生理功能、HMGB1 的翻译后修饰、与不同受体的相互作用及其在风湿性疾病中的最新进展和靶向治疗策略。
