Behavioral consequences of antidepressant treatment in rodents.

This review discusses the effects of antidepressant drugs on behaviors that are changed during the clinical treatment of depression. We first consider whether there is a similar subjective state produced by antidepressant drugs that might be akin to the mood changes caused clinically by these drugs. We thus review the evidence that antidepressant drugs can produce a distinctive enough subjective state to serve as a discriminative stimulus, and then discuss the nature of the cue produced. Secondly, we discuss whether there is any evidence that antidepressants enhance the rewarding aspects of stimuli since this aspect of behavior is reported to change during the successful treatment of depression. In this section we review the effects on electrical brain stimulation, water and food intake, exploratory and social behaviors. Finally, because of the proposed role of stress in the aetiology of depression, we review the effects of antidepressants on the responses to acute and chronic stress.