Hou Zhonge, Jin Pengyu, Liu Hongguang, Qiao Huijie, Sket Boris, Cannizzaro Andrew G, Berg David J, Li Shuqiang
Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Glob Chang Biol. 2022 Jun;28(12):3830-3845. doi: 10.1111/gcb.16160. Epub 2022 Mar 25.
Climate changes have substantial impacts on the geographic distribution of montane lakes and evolutionary dynamics of cold-adapted species. Past climate cooling is hypothesized to have promoted the dispersal of cold-adapted species via montane lakes, while future climate warming is thought to constrain their distributions. We test this hypothesis by using phylogeographic analysis and niche modeling of the Holarctic crustacean Gammarus lacustris with global sampling comprised of 567 sequenced individuals and 3180 occurrence records. We found that the species arose in Tian Shan in Central Asia and dispersed into montane lakes along the Alps, Himalayas, Tibet, East Asia, and the North American Rocky Mountain ranges, with accelerated diversification rates outside Tian Shan. Climatically suitable regions for geographic lineages of G. lacustris were larger during cooling periods (LGM), but smaller during warming periods (Mid-Holocene). In the future (2070) scenario, potential distributions in the Himalayas, North Tibet, South Tibet and North America are predicted to expand, whereas ranges in East Asia, Europe and Tian Shan will decline. Our results suggest that Mid-Miocene-to-Pleistocene continuous cooling promoted multiple independent dispersal events out of Tian Shan due to increased availability of montane lakes via "budding" of lineages. Montane lakes are conduits through which cold-adapted amphipods globally dispersed, dominating circumboreal lakes. However, future climate warming is likely to force organisms to shift upward in altitude and northward in latitude, leading to a future change in local populations. These findings highlight the importance of conservation of montane lakes, especially in the context of climate change.
气候变化对山地湖泊的地理分布和适应寒冷物种的进化动态具有重大影响。据推测，过去的气候变冷通过山地湖泊促进了适应寒冷物种的扩散，而未来的气候变暖则被认为会限制它们的分布。我们通过对全北区甲壳动物湖钩虾进行系统发育地理分析和生态位建模来检验这一假设，全球采样包括567个测序个体和3180个出现记录。我们发现该物种起源于中亚的天山，并沿着阿尔卑斯山、喜马拉雅山、西藏、东亚和北美落基山脉扩散到山地湖泊，在天山以外地区多样化速率加快。湖钩虾地理谱系的气候适宜区域在寒冷时期（末次盛冰期）较大，但在温暖时期（全新世中期）较小。在未来（2070年）情景中，预计喜马拉雅山、藏北、藏南和北美地区的潜在分布范围将扩大，而东亚、欧洲和天山地区的分布范围将缩小。我们的结果表明，从中中新世到更新世的持续变冷促进了多个独立的扩散事件从天山向外发生，这是由于通过谱系“萌芽”使山地湖泊的可利用性增加。山地湖泊是适应寒冷的端足类动物在全球扩散的通道，主导着环北极湖泊。然而，未来的气候变暖可能会迫使生物向海拔更高和纬度更北的方向迁移，导致当地种群的未来变化。这些发现突出了保护山地湖泊的重要性，特别是在气候变化的背景下。
