Cherian Kripa Elizabeth, Kapoor Nitin, Meeta Meeta, Paul Thomas Vizhalil
Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Gynaecology, Tanvir Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
J Midlife Health. 2021 Oct-Dec;12(4):252-256. doi: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_215_21. Epub 2022 Jan 20.
The last three decades have witnessed considerable progress in the field of bone densitometry. Osteoporosis may be diagnosed in postmenopausal women and in men aged 50 and older if the bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores of the lumbar spine, total hip, or femoral neck are -2.5 or less. For reporting T-scores, the Hologic dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner uses the Caucasian (nonrace adjusted) female normative database for women and men of all ethnic groups although reference database used does have an impact on the categorization of BMD and must be chosen judiciously considering the regional and ethnic characteristics of the population. The quality control for DXA systems should be periodically done in accordance with manufacturer guidelines for DXA. Beyond conventional BMD assessment, DXA may also be utilized to assess the trabecular bone score, hip structural analysis, vertebral fractures, and body composition.
在过去三十年里，骨密度测定领域取得了显著进展。如果腰椎、全髋或股骨颈的骨矿物质密度（BMD）T值小于或等于-2.5，则可诊断绝经后女性及50岁及以上男性患有骨质疏松症。在报告T值时，Hologic双能X线吸收法（DXA）扫描仪对所有种族的女性和男性均使用白种人（未进行种族调整）女性标准数据库，尽管所使用的参考数据库确实会对BMD的分类产生影响，并且必须根据人群的区域和种族特征谨慎选择。应按照制造商的DXA指南定期对DXA系统进行质量控制。除了传统的BMD评估外，DXA还可用于评估小梁骨评分、髋部结构分析、椎体骨折和身体成分。
