Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France.
Edhec Business School, Lille, France.
Demography. 2022 Apr 1;59(2):685-706. doi: 10.1215/00703370-9807596.
This article provides a geographic analysis of the contribution of public housing to income segregation in France from 1999 to 2015. The analysis is conducted with several segregation indices and at different geographic scales. Surprisingly, it appears that while home tenure (public vs. private housing) segregation has been decreasing, income segregation has been rising. With segregation decomposition techniques, we provide evidence that this is partly due to an increasing concentration of low-income households in public housing, which cancels out the effect of the spatial dispersion of public housing. Indeed, while public housing has become more homogeneously distributed geographically, which should help to reduce income segregation, the distribution of income within public (and private) housing has changed: households living in public housing were poorer in 2015 than in 1999. We also provide evidence of a sorting effect-the process of allocating public housing that is not random-so that the richest neighborhoods or municipalities receive wealthier-than-average public tenants.
本文从地域角度分析了 1999 年至 2015 年法国公共住房对收入隔离的贡献。分析采用了多种隔离指数和不同的地域尺度。令人惊讶的是，尽管住房自有率（公营与私营住房）的隔离程度一直在下降，但收入隔离程度却在上升。通过隔离分解技术，我们有证据表明，这在一定程度上是由于低收入家庭在公共住房中的集中程度不断增加，从而抵消了公共住房空间分散的影响。事实上，尽管公共住房在地域上的分布更加均匀，这有助于减少收入隔离，但公共（和私营）住房内的收入分配已经发生了变化：2015 年居住在公共住房中的家庭比 1999 年更贫困。我们还提供了一种分配效应的证据，即公共住房的分配过程并非随机的，因此最富裕的社区或城市接收的公共租户收入高于平均水平。
