Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China.
Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Xingcheng 125100, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 27;23(5):2632. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052632.
Homeodomain-leucine zipper () family genes are considered to play an important role in plant growth and stress tolerance. However, a genome-wide analysis of genes in apples ( Borkh.) has not been performed. We detected 48 genes in the apple genome, and categorized them into three subfamilies on the basis of phylogenetic analysis. The chromosomal locations, gene/protein structures, and physiological and biochemical properties of these genes were analyzed. Synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplications were key in the expansion of the apple HD-Zip family. According to an analysis of cis-regulatory elements and tissue-specific expression patterns, genes may be widely involved in the regulation of apple growth and tolerance to environmental stresses. Furthermore, the transcript levels of apple I and II genes were up-regulated in response to fungal treatments. Expression of apple Ⅲ genes was enhanced during adventitious bud regeneration. This suggested possible roles of these genes in regulating the apple response to fungal infection, as well as adventitious bud regeneration. The current results may help us to better understand the evolution and function of apple genes, and thus facilitate further research on plant resistance to fungal infection and in vitro regeneration.
同源域亮氨酸拉链（HD-Zip）家族基因被认为在植物生长和应激耐受中发挥着重要作用。然而，苹果（Malus domestica Borkh.）全基因组范围内的 基因分析尚未进行。我们在苹果基因组中检测到 48 个 基因，并基于系统发育分析将它们分为三个亚家族。分析了这些基因的染色体位置、基因/蛋白质结构以及生理生化特性。共线性分析表明，片段重复是苹果 HD-Zip 家族扩张的关键。根据顺式调控元件和组织特异性表达模式的分析， 基因可能广泛参与苹果生长和对环境胁迫耐受的调控。此外，苹果 I 和 II 基因的转录水平在真菌处理下上调。苹果 Ⅲ 基因在不定芽再生过程中表达增强。这表明这些基因可能在调节苹果对真菌感染的反应以及不定芽再生方面发挥作用。目前的研究结果可能有助于我们更好地理解苹果 基因的进化和功能，从而促进植物抗真菌感染和体外再生的研究。
