Mites Mariana, García-Mozo Herminia, Galán Carmen, Oña Edwin
International Campus of Excellence on Agreefood CeiA3, Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System Research, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Ministerio del Ambiente, Quito 170525, Ecuador.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 4;11(5):698. doi: 10.3390/plants11050698.
The Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve is a protected natural area in the cloud mountain forest of Ecuador, so rich in orchid species despite being a volcanic area still under threat of volcanic activity. A comparative biodiversity study of orchids was carried out in two different sectors, Chaupisacha (CH) and La Reventazón (LR). Data were collected in 1 ha plots in each sector, in which all the orchids found were counted and two individuals of each species were retained. Immature individuals were conserved in a plant nursery until flowering. In CH, there were 922 individuals grouped into 24 genera and 55 species, while LR had 9196 individuals grouped into 26 genera and 46 species; only 14 species were found in both sectors. Different density and diversity indexes were calculated. The density (ind./100 m) of CH was 0.96, while that of LR was 185.92. Simpson's diversity (1 - λ) attained CH 0.903 ± 0.01 and LR 0.85 ± 0.01. The orchid diversity measured by the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was 1.29 for CH, differing significantly from that of LR (H' 1.02). The medium equity (Jaccard's J') found was 0.61 in CH and 90.78 in LR. Limitations as regards the natural dispersion of orchids seemed to favor endemism. Some species, such as and , are threatened with disappearance from the wild or are vulnerable, as is the case for . A lack of information on the phenology and anthropic impacts in the area limit the conservation of species, signifying that new protected figures and seed banks are necessary, especially in CH, owing to its high diversity of orchids.
普卢拉瓦地质植物保护区是厄瓜多尔云雾山林中的一个自然保护区，尽管是一个仍受火山活动威胁的火山区，但兰花种类却极为丰富。在两个不同区域——乔皮萨查（CH）和拉雷温塔松（LR）开展了一项兰花生物多样性比较研究。在每个区域的1公顷样地中收集数据，统计所有发现的兰花，并每种保留两株个体。未成熟个体保存在植物苗圃中直至开花。在CH区域，有922株个体，分属24个属和55个物种，而LR区域有9196株个体，分属26个属和46个物种；两个区域仅发现14个共同物种。计算了不同的密度和多样性指数。CH区域的密度（株/100平方米）为0.96，而LR区域为185.92。辛普森多样性指数（1 - λ）在CH区域为0.903 ± 0.01，在LR区域为0.85 ± 0.01。用香农 - 维纳多样性指数（H'）衡量的兰花多样性，CH区域为1.29，与LR区域（H' 1.02）有显著差异。CH区域的中等均匀度（杰卡德J'）为0.61，LR区域为90.78。兰花自然传播的限制因素似乎有利于特有现象。一些物种，如[此处原文缺失物种名称]，面临着从野外消失的威胁或处于易危状态，[此处原文缺失物种名称]就是这种情况。该地区物候和人类影响方面信息的缺乏限制了物种保护，这意味着需要新的保护措施和种子库，特别是在CH区域，因为其兰花多样性很高。
