Caamaño-Moreno Marta, Gargini Ricardo
Instituto de investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Instituto de investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
Neuroscience. 2023 May 10;518:38-53. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.034. Epub 2022 Mar 7.
Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases among which are many of the most prevalent and with higher incidence worldwide, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). According to the World Health Organization, this set of diseases will continue to increase their incidence, affecting millions of people by 2050. All of them are characterized by aberrant aggregation of tau protein in neurons and glia that are distributed in different brain regions according to their susceptibility. Numerous studies reveal that synaptic regulation not only has a neuronal component, but glia plays a fundamental role in it beyond its neuroinflammatory role. Despite this, it has not been emphasized how the glial inclusions of tau in this cell type directly affect this and many other essential functions, whose alterations have been related to the development of tauopathies. In this way, this review shows how tau inclusions in glia influence the synaptic dysfunctions that result in the cognitive symptoms characteristic of tauopathies. Thus, the mechanisms affected by inclusions in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are unraveled.
tau蛋白病是一组神经退行性疾病，其中许多是全球最常见且发病率较高的疾病，如阿尔茨海默病（AD）。根据世界卫生组织的数据，这组疾病的发病率将持续上升，到2050年将影响数百万人。所有这些疾病的特征都是tau蛋白在神经元和神经胶质细胞中异常聚集，根据其易感性分布在不同的脑区。大量研究表明，突触调节不仅有神经元成分，而且神经胶质细胞在其中起着重要作用，其作用不仅仅局限于神经炎症方面。尽管如此，尚未有人强调这种细胞类型中tau蛋白的胶质包涵体如何直接影响这一功能以及许多其他基本功能，而这些功能的改变与tau蛋白病的发展有关。通过这种方式，本综述展示了胶质细胞中的tau蛋白包涵体如何影响导致tau蛋白病特征性认知症状的突触功能障碍。因此，揭示了神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞中包涵体所影响的机制。
