Loewenberg College of Nursing, 4055 North Park Loop, Community Health Building, Memphis, TN 38152, United States of America.
Loewenberg College of Nursing, 4055 North Park Loop, Community Health Building, Memphis, TN 38152, United States of America.
J Prof Nurs. 2022 Mar-Apr;39:194-205. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2022.02.002. Epub 2022 Feb 12.
Transition to practice is difficult for nurse practitioners (NP) pre and post-graduation. At the core of NPs' successful transition to practice is clinical education. There is a lack of theoretical knowledge to guide NPs' transition to practice through preceptorship. The current academic clinical education model and onboarding process in clinical settings require restructuring. Preceptorship is the most important element of NPs' transition to practice; it is in need of restructuring. There is a need for evidence to guide the restructuring of pre and post-graduation NP preceptorship.
This paper aims to provide a description and application of the Cognitive Preceptorship Model to the nurse practitioner role transition process.
An extensive literature review of NPs' preceptorship during role transition was conducted and the Cognitive Preceptorship Model (CPM) derived from the literature review of other theories and models: the Schlossberg's Transition Theory; Collin's et al. Cognitive Apprenticeship Model;. and Barnes's NP transition attributes. The CPM model's concepts and application to practice are described; included is a description of preceptorship, CPM model origination, as well as CPM model concepts and application.
The CPM model's concepts guide the specific application of the preceptorship process to both NP students and novice NPs' transition to practice pre and post-graduation.
护士从业者（NP）在毕业前和毕业后的实践过渡都很困难。核心是临床教育，这是 NP 成功过渡到实践的基础。缺乏理论知识通过指导实习来引导 NP 过渡到实践。目前的学术临床教育模式和临床环境中的入职流程需要进行重组。实习是 NP 过渡到实践的最重要元素，需要进行重组。需要有证据来指导实习前和毕业后 NP 实习的重组。
本文旨在为护士从业者角色过渡过程提供对认知指导模式的描述和应用。
对 NP 实习期间角色过渡的文献进行了广泛的综述，并从其他理论和模型的文献综述中得出了认知指导模式（CPM）：Schlossberg 的过渡理论；Collin 的认知学徒模型；和 Barnes 的 NP 过渡属性。描述了 CPM 模型的概念和在实践中的应用；包括实习的描述、CPM 模型的起源以及 CPM 模型的概念和应用。
CPM 模型的概念指导了实习过程在 NP 学生和新手 NP 过渡到实践前和毕业后的具体应用。
