Wen Siqi, Li Chunling, Zhan Xianquan
Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People's Republic of China.
Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People's Republic of China.
EPMA J. 2022 Feb 17;13(1):9-37. doi: 10.1007/s13167-022-00274-5. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Nonfuctional pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (NF-PitNET) is highly heterogeneous and generally considered a common intracranial tumor. A series of molecules are involved in NF-PitNET pathogenesis that alter in multiple levels of genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, and those molecules mutually interact to form dynamically associated molecular-network systems. This article reviewed signaling pathway alterations in NF-PitNET based on the analyses of the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, and emphasized signaling pathway network alterations based on the integrative omics, including calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway, oxidative stress response, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell cycle dysregulation, and those signaling pathway networks are important for NF-PitNET formation and progression. Especially, this review article emphasized the altered signaling pathways and their key molecules related to NF-PitNET invasiveness and aggressiveness that are challenging clinical problems. Furthermore, the currently used medication and potential therapeutic agents that target these important signaling pathway networks are also summarized. These signaling pathway network changes offer important resources for insights into molecular mechanisms, discovery of effective biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for patient stratification, predictive diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and targeted therapy of NF-PitNET.
无功能垂体神经内分泌肿瘤(NF-PitNET)具有高度异质性,通常被认为是一种常见的颅内肿瘤。一系列分子参与了NF-PitNET的发病机制,这些分子在基因组、转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组的多个层面发生改变,并且这些分子相互作用形成动态关联的分子网络系统。本文基于对基因组、转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组的分析,综述了NF-PitNET中的信号通路改变,并强调了基于整合组学的信号通路网络改变,包括钙信号通路、cGMP-PKG信号通路、mTOR信号通路、PI3K/AKT信号通路、MAPK(丝裂原活化蛋白激酶)信号通路、氧化应激反应、线粒体功能障碍和细胞周期失调,而这些信号通路网络对NF-PitNET的形成和进展至关重要。特别是,这篇综述文章强调了与NF-PitNET侵袭性和侵袭性相关的改变的信号通路及其关键分子,这些都是具有挑战性的临床问题。此外,还总结了目前针对这些重要信号通路网络所使用的药物和潜在治疗药物。这些信号通路网络变化为深入了解分子机制、发现有效的生物标志物以及为NF-PitNET的患者分层、预测诊断、预后评估和靶向治疗提供治疗靶点提供了重要资源。