Distribution of Pb isotopes in different chemical fractions in bed sediments from lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River, Hunan province of China.

This paper reports Pb isotopes in different fractions following the three step BCR and 1 M HCl extractions on river sediments from lower reaches of the Xiangjiang river in China, and highlights the importance of Pb isotopes in heavy metal contamination assessment. Lead concentrations and Pb isotopes in bulk sediments and sediment fractions (leachates and residues) from the river were analysed using ICP-MS techniques. Results showed that sediments were highly enriched with Pb with enrichment factors >5.5, while Pb in sediments was dominated by reducible and residual Pb fractions, residing mainly in Fe-oxide and silicate minerals. Pb isotopes in sediments was characterized by radiogenic Pb produced from the decay of uranium and thorium with Pb/Pb ratios of 1.1744 for less radiogenic Pb and 1.1816 for more radiogenic Pb. The leachates and residues from BCR extraction generally had similar Pb isotope compositions, of which the Pb/Pb ratios were 1.1798 ± 0.002 and 1.1844 ± 0.008 respectively. Differentiation of Pb isotopes between BCR leachates and residues was insignificant. However, differentiation between leachates and residues using 1 M HCl extraction was significant, as shown by average Pb/Pb ratios of 1.1746 ± 0.005 and 1.1858 ± 0.008 for leachates and residues respectively. Pb isotopic tracing suggests that Pb in sediments from Zhuzhou section arose from the mixing of anthropogenic Pb from coal combustion (39%) and mining-smelting for Pb-Zn ores (58%); while Pb in sediments from Xiangtan, Changsha and Xiangyin sections arose from the mixing of anthropogenic Pb from mining-smelting for Pb-Zn ores (54%), and lithologically inherited Pb from granite weathering (35%) with a small amount of contribution from coal combustion (10%). The present study suggests that the BCR extraction scheme was not appropriate for ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in mining-impacted (ore-Pb dominated) river sediments.