Aksorn Satja, Kanokkantapong Vorapot, Polprasert Chongrak, Noophan Pongsak Lek, Khanal Samir Kumar, Wongkiew Sumeth
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Special Task Force for Activating Research (STAR) of Waste Utilization and Ecological Risk Assessment, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Jun 1;311:114837. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114837. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
In bioponics, although chicken manure is an efficient substrate for vegetable production and nitrogen recovery, it is often contaminated with high Cu and Zn levels, which could potentially cause bioaccumulation in plants and pose health risks. The objectives of this study were to assess nitrogen recovery in lettuce- and pak choi-based bioponics with Cu (50-150 mg/kg) and Zn (200-600 mg/kg) supplementation, as well as their bioaccumulation in plants, root microbial community, and health risk assessment. The supplementation of Cu and Zn did not affect nitrogen concentrations and plant growth (p > 0.05) but reduced nitrogen use efficiency. Pak choi showed higher Cu and Zn bioconcentration factors than lettuce. Bacterial genera Ruminiclostridium and WD2101_soil_group in lettuce roots and Mesorhizobium in pak choi roots from Cu and Zn supplemented conditions were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than controls, suggesting microbial biomarkers in plant roots from Cu and Zn exposure bioponics depended on plant type. Health risk assessment herein revealed that consumption of bioponic vegetables with Cu and Zn contamination does not pose long-term health risks (hazard index <1) to children or adults, according to the US EPA. This study suggested that vegetable produced from chicken manure-based bioponics has low health risk in terms of Cu and Zn bioaccumulation and could be applied in commercial-scale system for nutrient recovery from organic waste to vegetable production; however, health risk from other heavy metals and xenobiotic compounds must be addressed.
在生物栽培中，尽管鸡粪是蔬菜生产和氮素回收的高效基质，但它常常被高含量的铜和锌污染，这可能会导致植物体内生物累积并带来健康风险。本研究的目的是评估在添加铜（50 - 150毫克/千克）和锌（200 - 600毫克/千克）的生菜和小白菜生物栽培体系中的氮素回收情况，以及它们在植物中的生物累积、根际微生物群落和健康风险评估。铜和锌的添加并未影响氮浓度和植物生长（p > 0.05），但降低了氮素利用效率。小白菜的铜和锌生物富集系数高于生菜。在添加铜和锌的条件下，生菜根际的瘤胃梭菌属和WD2101_土壤菌群以及小白菜根际的中生根瘤菌属显著高于对照组（p < 0.05），这表明来自铜和锌暴露生物栽培体系的植物根际微生物生物标志物取决于植物类型。根据美国环境保护局的标准，本研究中的健康风险评估表明，食用受铜和锌污染的生物栽培蔬菜对儿童或成年人不会构成长期健康风险（危害指数<1）。本研究表明，基于鸡粪的生物栽培生产的蔬菜在铜和锌生物累积方面健康风险较低，可应用于从有机废物中回收养分用于蔬菜生产的商业规模系统；然而，必须解决其他重金属和外来化合物带来的健康风险。
