Buelow Melissa T, Kowalsky Jennifer M, Brunell Amy B
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Newark, OH, United States.
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Mansfield, OH, United States.
Front Psychol. 2022 Feb 24;13:840284. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.840284. eCollection 2022.
Previous research suggests a higher perceived risk associated with a risky behavior predicts a lower likelihood of involvement in that behavior; however, this relationship can vary based on personality characteristics such as impulsivity and behavioral activation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals began to re-evaluate the level of risk associated with everyday behaviors. But what about risks associated with "typical" risk-taking behaviors? In the present study, 248 undergraduate student participants completed measures of impulsivity, behavioral activation and inhibition, propensity to take risks, numeracy, and perceptions of and involvement in both risk-taking behavior and health promoting behavior (e.g., blood donation, registering as an organ donor, vaccination). Our study revealed that higher behavioral inhibition and greater propensity to take risks predicted greater likelihood of involvement in COVID-19-related risk behaviors, even after accounting for perceived risks and benefits of the behavior. Greater likelihood of involvement in social risk behaviors was predicted by greater numeracy and risk-taking propensity. Identifying as male, a greater propensity to take risks, and greater impulsivity predicted increased health/safety risk behaviors. Younger age, lower risk-taking propensity, and lower impulsivity were associated with a greater likelihood of donating blood. For the likelihood of registering to become an organ donor, increasing risk perception, both before and during the pandemic, was associated with greater likelihood of registering, but greater risk-taking propensity was associated with a decreased likelihood of organ donation registration. For flu vaccination, a greater propensity to take risks was associated with a greater likelihood of flu vaccination during the 2020-2021 flu season. Both cognitive and personality factors can predict involvement in risk-taking and health-promotion behaviors, warranting their continued examination.
先前的研究表明，与危险行为相关的更高感知风险预示着参与该行为的可能性更低；然而，这种关系可能会因冲动性和行为激活等人格特征而有所不同。在新冠疫情期间，人们开始重新评估日常行为所关联的风险水平。但是，与“典型”冒险行为相关的风险又如何呢？在本研究中，248名本科学生参与者完成了冲动性、行为激活与抑制、冒险倾向、数字能力以及对冒险行为和健康促进行为（如献血、登记成为器官捐赠者、接种疫苗）的感知与参与情况的测量。我们的研究表明，即使在考虑了行为的感知风险和益处之后，更高的行为抑制和更大的冒险倾向仍预示着参与新冠相关风险行为的可能性更大。更高的数字能力和冒险倾向预示着参与社会风险行为的可能性更大。男性身份、更大的冒险倾向和更高的冲动性预示着健康/安全风险行为的增加。年龄较小、冒险倾向较低和冲动性较低与献血的可能性更大相关。对于登记成为器官捐赠者的可能性，在疫情之前和期间，风险感知的增加都与登记的可能性更大相关，但更大的冒险倾向与器官捐赠登记的可能性降低相关。对于流感疫苗接种，在2020 - 2021流感季节，更大的冒险倾向与接种流感疫苗的可能性更大相关。认知和人格因素都可以预测对冒险行为和健康促进行为的参与情况，因此有必要继续对它们进行研究。
