A new Amazonian species of Zimmermann & Zimmermann, 1988 (Aromobatidae) with a trilled advertisement call.

BACKGROUND

Currently, 58 species are assigned to the genus , with 70% of its diversity described just in the last two decades, with many additional species likely unnamed. The continuous description of these new species represents a fundamental step for resolving the taxonomy and ensuring the future conservation of the genus.

METHODS

Using molecular, acoustic, and morphological evidences, we describe a new species of from Teles Pires River region, southern Amazonia, and provide accounts on the population of found sympatrically with the new species.

RESULTS

The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the coloration of thighs, venter, dorsum, and dark lateral stripe. It has four types of calls, with advertisement calls formed by relatively long trills with a mean duration of 2.29 s ± 0.65, mean of 39.93 notes ± 11.18 emitted at a mean rate of 17.49 ± 0.68 notes per second, and mean dominant frequency of 5,717 Hz ± 220.81. The genetic distance between the new species and its congeners in a fragment of the 16S mitochondrial fragment ranged between 13.2% () to 21.3% (). The sympatric population fits its morphology and acoustic with the nominal , but presents a relatively high genetic distance of nearly 6.5%, raising questions on the current taxonomy of this species.