Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, CVS Ltd, Mereworth, Maidstone, Kent, ME18 5GS, UK.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2022 Apr;38(1):73-94. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.11.006. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
Urinary incontinence results from disorders of the lower urinary tract or neurologic diseases either of the nerve supply to the bladder/urethra or within the central nervous system. Congenital causes include patent urachus and ectopic ureter. Coordination of lower urinary tract function involves the interaction of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic system as well as somatic branches of the central nervous system. Well-recognized causes of incontinence include equine herpes virus 1 myeloencephalopathy, polyneuritis equi (neuritis of the cauda equina), and sacral/coccygeal trauma. Idiopathic bladder paralysis is characterized by bladder paralysis and sabulous cystitis in the absence of overt neurologic deficits.
尿失禁是由下尿路疾病或神经疾病引起的，这些疾病可能影响膀胱/尿道的神经供应，也可能影响中枢神经系统。先天性病因包括脐尿管未闭和异位输尿管。下尿路功能的协调涉及交感和副交感系统以及中枢神经系统躯体分支的相互作用。公认的失禁原因包括马疱疹病毒 1 性脑脊髓炎、多发性神经炎（马尾神经炎）和骶尾部/尾骨创伤。特发性膀胱瘫痪的特征是膀胱瘫痪和砂囊膀胱炎，而没有明显的神经缺陷。
