Sudha P Indira, Singh Jyoti, Sodhi G S
Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Forensic Science Unit, Department of Chemistry, S.G.T.B. Khalsa College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Dermatol. 2021 Nov-Dec;66(6):649-653. doi: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_1123_20.
Our skin is the largest organ and is composed of the dermis and epidermis. The skin surface has lines in the direction of elastic tension. The palmar and plantar skin lines are established before birth in the intrauterine development of the embryo. Dermatoglyphics is the study of epidermal lines on the palmar and plantar surface. It is a branch of biology, anthropology, genetics, and dermatology. Dermatoglyphics are closely associated with genetic factors. These attributes once formed in the womb remain unique and persist throughout the life of an individual unless the dermis is damaged. Digital and palmar dermatoglyphics are represented by fingerprint patterns, atd angle, a, b, c, d triradii, mail line index, etc. Sometimes either due to hereditary reasons, the pressure of intrauterine factors, or external environmental factors, chromosomal aberrations occur in the fetus. These aberrations are reflected in the form of increased angle of atd, variation in pattern frequency or ridge count between a-b triradii (ABRC), presence of unnatural flexion creases, and others in the fingerprints, palmprints, or footprints. These aberrations in dermatoglyphics are useful in studying the genetic abnormalities in ailments, personality disorders, and criminal tendencies.
我们的皮肤是最大的器官，由真皮和表皮组成。皮肤表面有沿弹性张力方向的纹路。手掌和足底的皮肤纹路在胚胎子宫内发育期间出生前就已形成。皮纹学是研究手掌和足底表面的表皮纹路的学科。它是生物学、人类学、遗传学和皮肤病学的一个分支。皮纹与遗传因素密切相关。这些特征一旦在子宫内形成就保持独特，并在个体一生中持续存在，除非真皮受到损伤。手指和手掌皮纹由指纹模式、atd角、a、b、c、d三叉点、掌纹线指数等表示。有时，由于遗传原因、子宫内因素的压力或外部环境因素，胎儿会出现染色体畸变。这些畸变以atd角增大、a - b三叉点（ABRC）之间的模式频率或嵴数变化、指纹、掌纹或脚印中出现不自然的屈纹等形式表现出来。皮纹学中的这些畸变有助于研究疾病、人格障碍和犯罪倾向中的遗传异常。
