Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jul;29(35):53320-53352. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19402-9. Epub 2022 Mar 14.
The present work deals with a detailed study of India's Damodar river basin's pollution profile (groundwater, surface water, industrial water, and mine water). The present paper aims to create a large data bank comprising the latest (2019; through water sampling and analysis) and historical (1980-2018; through literature survey) data on heavy metal loads (HML) and other hydrochemical parameters in water bodies of the Damodar basin (at 99 sampling locations). Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to determine the possible sources of the HML in the groundwater and surface water. Anthropogenic inputs from industrial effluents and mining activities were identified as the sources of the HML. The degree of HML exposure (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, As, Co, Cd, Hg, Cr, Ni, and Cu) was considered for computing the heavy metal pollution indices (HMPI). Associated potential health risk to the local population was also studied. Most HMPIs (vary within 50-9000) appeared to cross the critical value (~ 100). According to the results of noncarcinogenic risk, most hazard indices (varied within 0.01-116.34) surpassed the allowable limit (~ 1), demonstrating detrimental health effects on adults and children. Ni, Cd, As, and Cr showed very high cancer indices (varied within 9.5 × 10-1.76 × 10) that could be considered as high risk (≫ 1 × 10, allowable limit) for cancer via ingestion and dermal pathways. A carcinogenic risk assessment map of the basin was also prepared for the first time. Durgapur and Burnpur-Asansol cities have been identified as the most vulnerable areas. The authors also compared the water quality parameters of the Damodar river with other highly polluted and major rivers of India. The authors recommended (i) strict regulation and efficient management of HML monitoring, (ii) initiating public awareness programme about Damodar's pollution, and (iii) a detailed medical survey to understand the impact of water pollution on the population.
本工作详细研究了印度达莫达尔河流域的污染状况（地下水、地表水、工业用水和矿山用水）。本文旨在创建一个大型数据库，其中包括达莫达尔流域水体中重金属负荷（HML）和其他水化学参数的最新（2019 年；通过水样采集和分析）和历史（1980-2018 年；通过文献调查）数据（在 99 个采样点）。应用二元和多元统计分析来确定地下水和地表水中 HML 的可能来源。确定人为输入（工业废水和采矿活动）是 HML 的来源。为了计算重金属污染指数（HMPI），考虑了 HML 暴露程度（Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、As、Co、Cd、Hg、Cr、Ni 和 Cu）。还研究了当地居民可能面临的潜在健康风险。大多数 HMPI（在 50-9000 之间）似乎超过了临界值（100）。根据非致癌风险的结果，大多数危害指数（在 0.01-116.34 之间）超过了允许的限值（1），表明对成人和儿童有不利的健康影响。Ni、Cd、As 和 Cr 表现出非常高的癌症指数（在 9.5×10-1.76×10 之间），通过摄入和皮肤途径被认为是癌症的高风险（≫1×10，允许限值）。这是首次为该流域绘制致癌风险评估图。Durgapur 和 Burnpur-Asansol 市被确定为最脆弱的地区。作者还将达莫达尔河的水质参数与印度其他污染严重和主要河流进行了比较。作者建议（i）严格监管和有效管理 HML 监测，（ii）开展公众对达莫达尔污染的认识计划，以及（iii）进行详细的医学调查，以了解水污染对人口的影响。
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