低钠血症的病因和血清钠水平是否会影响老年低钠血症患者的住院时间？
Do the etiology of hyponatremia and serum sodium levels affect the length of hospital stay in geriatric patients with hyponatremia?
作者信息
Baser Salih, Yılmaz Cakmak Nuray, Gemcioglu Emin
机构信息
Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Ankara City Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
出版信息
J Med Biochem. 2022 Feb 2;41(1):40-46. doi: 10.5937/jomb0-29914.
BACKGROUND
Hyponatremia can lead to a prolonged hospital stay and increased morbidity and mortality rates in geriatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hyponatremia etiology and serum sodium (Na) levels on hospitalisation time in geriatric patients hospitalised due to hyponatremia.
METHODS
The demographic characteristics, laboratory data, etiology of hyponatremia, and length of hospital stay were retrospectively recorded for 132 patients over 65 years of age who were hospitalised for hyponatremia.
RESULTS
Of the 132 patients, 90 were female (68.2%), and 42 were male (31.8%). The serum Na levels of 66 (50%) patients were <120 mmol/L, those of 64 (48.5%) patients were 120-129 mmol/L, and those of two (1.5%) patients were >130 mmol/L. One hundred nine (82.6%) patients had hypoosmolar hyponatremia, 14 (10.6%) patients had isoosmolar hyponatremia, and nine (6.8%) patients had hyperosmolar hyponatremia. Also, 19.7% of the patients were hypovolemic, 37.9% were euvolemic, and 42.4% were hypervolemic. Hyponatremia etiology was congestive heart failure in 38 (28.8%) patients, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone in 29 (22.0%) patients, gastrointestinal fluid loss in 24 (18.2%) patients, renal pathologies in 20 (15.2%) patients, the presence of drugs in 20 (15.2%) patients, and hypocortisolemia in one (0.8%) patient. The mean length of hospital stay for the patients was five (1-60) days. There was no statistically significant difference between the lengths of hospital stay based on hyponatremia etiology and serum Na levels (p=0.861 and p=0.076). It was observed that the lengths of stay for patients who developed hyponatremia during their hospitalisation in various clinics were longer than those for patients who presented to the emergency department (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, it was determined that the length of hospital stay did not change with the etiology of hyponatremia and serum Na level at the time of admission, but patients who developed hyponatremia during their hospitalisation had longer hospitalisation times.
背景
低钠血症可导致老年患者住院时间延长，发病率和死亡率增加。本研究旨在评估低钠血症病因及血清钠（Na）水平对因低钠血症住院的老年患者住院时间的影响。
方法
回顾性记录132例65岁以上因低钠血症住院患者的人口统计学特征、实验室数据、低钠血症病因及住院时间。
结果
132例患者中，女性90例（68.2%），男性42例（31.8%）。66例（50%）患者血清钠水平<120 mmol/L，64例（48.5%）患者血清钠水平为120 - 129 mmol/L，2例（1.5%）患者血清钠水平>130 mmol/L。109例（82.6%）患者为低渗性低钠血症，14例（10.6%）患者为等渗性低钠血症，9例（6.8%）患者为高渗性低钠血症。此外，19.7%的患者为低血容量性，37.9%为血容量正常，42.4%为高血容量性。低钠血症病因中，38例（28.8%）患者为充血性心力衰竭，29例（22.0%）患者为抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征，24例（18.2%）患者为胃肠液丢失，20例（15.2%）患者为肾脏疾病，20例（15.2%）患者为药物因素，1例（0.8%）患者为皮质醇缺乏症。患者的平均住院时间为5（1 - 60）天。基于低钠血症病因和血清钠水平的住院时间之间无统计学显著差异（p = 0.861和p = 0.076）。观察到在各个科室住院期间发生低钠血症的患者的住院时间比就诊于急诊科的患者更长（p<0.001）。
结论
在本研究中，确定住院时间不会因低钠血症病因和入院时血清钠水平而改变，但住院期间发生低钠血症的患者住院时间更长。
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