Altuntas Atila
Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Isparta, Turkey.
J Med Biochem. 2021 Sep 3;40(4):407-413. doi: 10.5937/jomb0-30409.
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder in inpatients related to morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to examine whether there is a relationship between the incidence of hyponatremia and the seasons among the patients hospitalized in our nephrology department.
The inpatients in our Nephrology Department between 2012 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with serum sodium levels below 135 mmol/L were included in the study. Hyponatremia incidence was calculated as the proportion of inpatients with low sodium levels in a season to the total number of inpatients in the same season.
Out of 1950 inpatients in four years, 509 were found to have hyponatremia (26.1%). The mean serum sodium level of the patients was 129.7±4.7 mmol/L. Hyponatremia incidences in autumn, winter, spring, and summer were found to be 28.7%, 15.4%, 20.4%, and 36.6%, respectively. Upon comparing the incidence of hyponatremia in patients hospitalized in winter and summer seasons, there was a significantly higher incidence of hyponatremia in summer (p<0.001). We found a positive correlation between hyponatremia incidence and temperature (r=0.867, p=0.001). However, there was a negative correlation between hyponatremia incidence and relative humidity (r=-0.735, p=0.001).
The highest hyponatremia incidence was observed in summer in a four-year period. Loss of sodium by perspiration, along with increased temperature and/or excessive hypotonic fluid intake, might contribute to the development of hyponatremia.
低钠血症是住院患者中常见的电解质紊乱，与发病率和死亡率相关。在本研究中，我们旨在探讨我院肾内科住院患者的低钠血症发病率与季节之间是否存在关联。
回顾性分析我院肾内科2012年至2015年的住院患者。纳入血清钠水平低于135 mmol/L的患者。低钠血症发病率计算为某一季节低钠水平住院患者数占同一季节住院患者总数的比例。
四年间1950例住院患者中，509例被发现患有低钠血症（26.1%）。患者的平均血清钠水平为129.7±4.7 mmol/L。秋季、冬季、春季和夏季的低钠血症发病率分别为28.7%、15.4%、20.4%和36.6%。比较冬夏两季住院患者的低钠血症发病率，夏季的低钠血症发病率显著更高（p<0.001）。我们发现低钠血症发病率与温度呈正相关（r=0.867，p=0.001）。然而，低钠血症发病率与相对湿度呈负相关（r=-0.735，p=0.001）。
在四年期间，夏季观察到的低钠血症发病率最高。出汗导致的钠流失，以及温度升高和/或低渗液体摄入过多，可能导致低钠血症的发生。
