Am J Law Med. 2021 Dec;47(4):351-385. doi: 10.1017/amj.2022.1.
The advent of artificial intelligence ("AI") holds great potential to improve clinical diagnostics. At the same time, there are important questions of liability for harms arising from the use of this technology. Due to their complexity, opacity, and lack of foreseeability, AI systems are not easily accommodated by traditional liability frameworks. This difficulty is compounded in the health care space where various actors, namely physicians and health care organizations, are subject to distinct but interrelated legal duties regarding the use of health technology. Without a principled way to apportion responsibility among these actors, patients may find it difficult to recover for injuries. In this Article, I propose that physicians, manufacturers of clinical AI systems, and hospitals be considered a common enterprise for the purposes of liability. This proposed framework helps facilitate the apportioning of responsibility among disparate actors under a single legal theory. Such an approach responds to concerns about the responsibility gap engendered by clinical AI technology as it shifts away from individualistic notions of responsibility, embodied by negligence and products liability, toward a more distributed conception. In addition to favoring plaintiff recovery, a common enterprise strict liability approach would create strong incentives for the relevant actors to take care.
人工智能 ("AI") 的出现有望改善临床诊断。与此同时，由于使用这项技术而产生的损害的赔偿责任也存在一些重要问题。由于其复杂性、不透明性和不可预见性，传统的责任框架不容易适应 AI 系统。在医疗保健领域，这种困难更加复杂，因为医生和医疗机构等各种行为者在使用医疗技术方面都有不同但相互关联的法律责任。如果没有一种原则性的方法在这些行为者之间分配责任，患者可能难以因受伤获得赔偿。在本文中，我建议将医生、临床人工智能系统制造商和医院视为共同企业，以确定责任。这一拟议的框架有助于在单一法律理论下，将责任在不同行为者之间进行分配。这种方法回应了人们对临床 AI 技术所产生的责任差距的担忧，因为它从过失和产品责任所体现的个人主义责任概念转向了更分散的概念。除了有利于原告的赔偿外，共同企业严格责任方法还将为相关行为者采取谨慎措施创造强有力的激励。
