Sizyuk V, Hassanein A
Center for Materials Under Extreme Environment (CMUXE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 18;12(1):4698. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08837-2.
Building a successful device for the magnetic fusion energy production is a great challenge. ITER is an international project of the tokamak based magnetic fusion design being developed for the demonstration of the feasibility of thermonuclear technologies for future realization of successful commercial fusion energy. A key obstacle to a successful magnetic fusion energy production is however, the performance during abnormal events including plasma disruptions and edge-localized modes (ELMs). A credible reactor design must tolerate at least a few of these transient events without serious consequences such as melting of the structure. This paper investigates and compares the performance of the current ITER tokamak design during two types of transient events, i.e., ELMs occurring at normal operation and disruptions during abnormal operation. We simulated the divertor components response using our integrated 3D HEIGHTS package. The simulations include self-consistent modeling of the interaction of the released core plasma particles with the initial solid divertor material, energy deposition processes, vaporization of divertor material, secondary plasma formation and MHD evolution, incident core particles collisions and scattering from this dense secondary plasma, photon radiation of secondary plasma, and the resulting heat loads on nearby components. Our simulations showed that using a small carbon insert around the strike point can significantly reduce the overall expected damage on the tungsten dome structure, reflector plates, and prevent tungsten vaporization and its potential core plasma contamination.
建造一个用于磁聚变能源生产的成功装置是一项巨大的挑战。国际热核聚变实验堆（ITER）是一个基于托卡马克的磁聚变设计的国际项目，旨在展示热核技术的可行性，以便未来成功实现商业聚变能源。然而，成功进行磁聚变能源生产的一个关键障碍是包括等离子体破裂和边缘局域模（ELM）在内的异常事件期间的性能。一个可靠的反应堆设计必须能够承受至少一些此类瞬态事件，而不会产生诸如结构熔化等严重后果。本文研究并比较了当前ITER托卡马克设计在两种瞬态事件中的性能，即在正常运行期间发生的ELM和异常运行期间的破裂。我们使用集成的3D HEIGHTS软件包模拟了偏滤器部件的响应。模拟包括对释放的核心等离子体粒子与初始固体偏滤器材料的相互作用、能量沉积过程、偏滤器材料的汽化、二次等离子体形成和磁流体动力学演化、入射核心粒子与这种密集二次等离子体的碰撞和散射、二次等离子体的光子辐射以及对附近部件产生的热负荷进行自洽建模。我们的模拟表明，在打击点周围使用小的碳插入物可以显著降低对钨穹顶结构、反射板的总体预期损伤，并防止钨汽化及其对核心等离子体的潜在污染。
